Soil Characteristics Determine the Effect of Compost or Sterile Compost on Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Development

Composted organic wastes are applied to crops as organic fertilizer and to improve chemical and physical soil characteristics, but the importance of microorganisms applied with the compost is still debated. In this study, composted cow manure was sterilized or left unsterilized and applied to two contrasting unsterilized soils, i.e., a soil identified by its high organic matter content (30.8 g C kg⁻¹) considered the OM-rich soil and one by its low organic matter content (1.8 g C kg⁻¹) considered the OM-poor soil. Both soils were subsequently cultivated with wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) in the greenhouse for 134 days. Application of the cow manure compost to the OM-poor soil increased plant height 1.1 and weight 2.4-times, although the application of sterile compost increased plant height 1.4 and weight 3.4 times at harvest. Application of compost or sterile compost to the OM-rich soil reduced wheat plant weight 1.3-times, but seed weight decreased 1.7 in the compost amended and 1.4-times in the sterile compost amended soil. These results suggest that microorganisms in soil and in the compost compete for nutrients with the plant. As such, application of compost as organic fertilizer to a crop cultivated in an organic matter rich soil might require the additional application of inorganic plant nutrients to compensate for possible nutrient immobilization by soil and compost microorganisms, and the amount supplied will depend on compost and soil characteristics.堆肥化有机废弃物常作为有机肥施用于作物，同时可改善土壤的化学与物理性状，但伴随堆肥一同施加的微生物的生态学重要性仍存在争议。本研究将堆肥化牛粪分为灭菌组与未灭菌组，分别施加于两种特性迥异的未灭菌土壤：其一为高有机质（Organic Matter，OM）含量（30.8 g C kg⁻¹）的富有机质（OM）土壤，其二为低有机质（OM）含量（1.8 g C kg⁻¹）的贫有机质（OM）土壤。随后将两种土壤均置于温室中种植小麦（*Triticum aestivum* L.），培养周期为134天。向贫有机质土壤施加牛粪堆肥后，小麦株高提升1.1倍、植株鲜重提升2.4倍；而施加灭菌堆肥的处理组，收获期小麦株高提升1.4倍、鲜重提升3.4倍。向富有机质土壤施加堆肥或灭菌堆肥，则会使小麦植株鲜重降低1.3倍；其中施加未灭菌堆肥的处理组小麦籽粒重量降低1.7倍，施加灭菌堆肥的处理组则降低1.4倍。上述结果表明，土壤与堆肥中的微生物会与作物竞争养分资源。据此，在富有机质土壤中种植作物并施加堆肥有机肥时，可能需要额外施加无机植物养分，以补偿土壤与堆肥微生物对养分的固定作用，而具体的补充量需根据堆肥与土壤的特性而定。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集研究了土壤有机质含量如何影响堆肥牛粪和灭菌堆肥对小麦发育的效果。实验在两种不同有机质含量的土壤中进行，结果显示在有机质贫瘠土壤中堆肥能促进小麦生长，而在有机质丰富土壤中堆肥反而降低小麦产量，这归因于微生物竞争养分。数据集为相关农业和环境研究提供了原始数据支持。