Supplementary data: Blood neurofilament light chain as a predictive biomarker for functional outcome of acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis

<b>These are peer-reviewed supplementary materials for the article</b><b> </b><b>'</b><b>Blood neurofilament light chain as a </b><b>predictive biomarker for functional </b><b>outcome of acute ischemic stroke: a </b><b>systematic review and meta-analysis</b><b>'</b><b> </b><b>published in the</b><b> </b><b><i>Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research</i></b><b>.</b><b>Supplemental</b><b><i> </i></b><b>Table 1:</b> Search strategy<b>Aim:</b> Ischemic stroke continues to be a significant contributor to mortality and disability on a global scale. The blood neurofilament light chain (bNfL) as a prognostic indicator for stroke functional outcomes is a topic of ongoing debate. Thus, the objective of this systematic review is to assess the efficacy of bNfL as a predictor of stroke functional outcomes. <b>Materials &amp; methods:</b> A systematic search was conducted in Pubmed, Cochrane and Embase databases from their inception to 21 October 2023. Two reviewers independently screened the search results to identify studies reporting on the association between bNfL and acute ischemic stroke outcomes. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Meta-analysis was conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software Stata 12.0, utilizing a random effects model to estimate the pooled effect.<b> Results:</b> Nine studies involving 2302 patients were included in the analysis. A pooled analysis of adjusted odds ratios (ORs) from multivariate regression models in the meta-analysis revealed a pooled adjusted OR of 1.929 [95% CI:1.459, 2.550], suggesting that the patients with higher bNfL levels are at a greater risk of experiencing unfavorable functional outcomes compared with those with lower bNfL levels. Subgroup analysis indicated that factors such as sampling time, study region, participant age, blood specimen and sample size, may contributed to high heterogeneity in the results. After conducting a thorough analysis using funnel plot and Egger’s test, no significant evidence of publication bias was found in our study. <b>Conclusion:</b> In summary, bNfL demonstrates potential as a predictive biomarker for functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients, albeit subject to influence from confounding variables. Additional rigorously designed and meticulously executed prospective studies on a larger scale are warranted to validate these findings.