A mechanism of cooling hot tumors: lactate attenuates inflammation in dendritic cells [BMDCs]

Lactic acid (LA) accumulation in the tumour environment occurs as a result of the accelerated glucose metabolism in tumour cells, the so-called Warburg effect. Because TLR4 agonists are one of the damage-associated molecular patterns, which are important stimulators of dendritic cells in the tumour microenvironment, we assessed the effects of LA on the response to LPS, the TLR4 ligand. We performed microarray analyses using bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from WT mice that had been stimulated with LPS, LA, or LPS together with LA.