FROM ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE TO STRATEGIC RESILIENCE: RETHINKING LONG-TERM DEVELOPMENT IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

Global economic interdependence has traditionally been regarded as a major source of efficiency, productivity growth, investment, and technological progress. However, geopolitical tensions, concentrated supply chains, financial vulnerabilities, and disruptions to international trade have increasingly challenged the assumption that deeper integration automatically produces greater economic security. This article examines how countries can preserve the developmental benefits of international economic integration while reducing the strategic vulnerabilities associated with excessive dependence. Using a conceptual and comparative analytical approach, the study synthesizes recent research on geoeconomic fragmentation, supply-chain resilience, and long-term economic development. It argues that resilience should not be equated with economic self-sufficiency or the indiscriminate relocation of production. Instead, resilience depends on the quality of economic interdependence, the availability of credible alternatives, domestic productive capabilities, institutional adaptability, and the capacity to respond to external shocks without sacrificing long-term competitiveness. The article proposes the Strategic Interdependence and Development Resilience Framework (SIDRF), a multidimensional framework for evaluating economic dependencies and integrating resilience into national development planning. The framework distinguishes productive interdependence from critical vulnerability and identifies four strategic dimensions: dependency exposure, adaptive capacity, productive transformation, and institutional coordination. The article concludes that sustainable development requires selective diversification, capability-building, and international cooperation rather than generalized economic decoupling. The proposed framework offers a basis for future empirical research and strategic policy design.