Demographic data characteristics.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis, often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Chromosomal instability (CIN), a hallmark of cancer, leads to the release of cytosolic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), which activates the cGAS-STING pathway and its downstream immune signaling. However, the prognostic implications of this pathway in CCA remain poorly understood. This study aims to examine the cGAS-STING pathway-related proteins in CCA and their correlation with clinicopathological parameters. A total of 164 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) CCA tissue samples were analyzed using tissue microarray (TMA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Statistical analysis assessed correlations between proteins expression and clinicopathological features were assessed using Chi-square tests, logistic regression, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, Cox proportional hazards models, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Moderate–to–high STING expression was significantly associated with reduced tumor size and lymphovascular invasion but paradoxically correlated with short overall survival (p