Test Conception and Item Generation for the Observing Parent-Child Interaction Inventory OPCII-1.0 Test development Observing Parent-Child Interaction Inventory OPCII-1.0

Current observational measures of parent-child interaction often lack factorial validity and theoretical connectivity between suggested scales. We present the Observing Parent-Child Interaction Inventory (OPCII-1.0), which is designed to capture interaction patterns by integrating parenting behaviors with child temperament. The OPCII-1.0 assesses two neurobiological temperament dimensions, namely behavioral activation (BAS) and behavioral inhibition (BIS), which influence attention, emotional reactivity, needs, and behavior. These first-order dimensions shape six second-order traits: need for activity, autonomy, security, (quiet/loud × positive/negative) emotional expression, and effortful control. Parenting is conceptualized within two higher-order domains. Positive parenting includes sensitivity/responsiveness, social behavior regulation, cognitive support/stimulation, and regulating one’s own positive and negative emotions. Negative parenting encompasses denial of autonomy, passive and active rejection, intrusiveness, and rejection sensitivity. There are also indices for over- and underinvolvement as well as impaired predictability. Crossing four parenting constellations with four BIS/BAS-based child profiles yields 16 theoretically defined interaction patterns, which define a parenting-temperament misfit and enable risk prediction. We advance transparent and replicable test development through explicit item generation instructions (IGIs) and multi-source item content, as well as face and ecological validity pretesting with experts, novices and ChatGPT-4o. The planned analyses and validation criteria for the next steps in test development are presented. notReviewed other