全球陆地不同类型热浪数据集

大规模强热浪会带来高温和水资源压力，对生态系统和人类社会构成重大风险。根据发生时间，热浪可分为三类：日间型、夜间型和复合型。然而，全球尺度上热浪时空格局的影响因素，尤其是其与大尺度气候模态及局地水-能量交换的联系，尚不明确。本研究基于ERA5L再分析资料的气温数据，分析了1980-2022年三类热浪的频率和强度格局，并利用长短期记忆模型探究了其与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动的关联性及其对水-能量交换相关因子的时间依赖性。结果显示，全球各类热浪的发生频率均显著增加。1980-2022年间，复合型热浪的年均发生频率和强度分别是单一型日间和夜间热浪的2-3倍。在不同气候带，三类热浪与厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件均表现出显著关联，其中热带地区在厄尔尼诺年份热浪频率和强度最高。同时，陆面水-能量交换对热浪演变具有重要影响，其效应在不同气候带存在差异，其中干旱带和温带地区受到的影响比大陆性和极地地区更为显著。本研究揭示了厄尔尼诺-南方涛动与水-能量交换在调控热浪频率和强度中的关键作用，建议未来热浪预测需关注前期热量累积的演变过程及后续波动特征，以提升预报的准确性与可靠性。

Large-scale intense heatwaves bring high temperatures and water stress, posing significant risks to ecosystems and human society. Based on their occurrence timing, heatwaves can be categorized into three types: daytime-type, nighttime-type, and compound-type. However, the influencing factors of the spatiotemporal patterns of heatwaves at the global scale, particularly their connections with large-scale climate modes and local water-energy exchange, remain unclear. This study analyzes the frequency and intensity patterns of the three types of heatwaves from 1980 to 2022 using air temperature data from the ERA5L reanalysis dataset, and explores their correlation with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and their temporal dependence on water-energy exchange-related factors using the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model. The results show that the occurrence frequency of all types of heatwaves worldwide has increased significantly. Between 1980 and 2022, the annual average frequency and intensity of compound-type heatwaves were 2-3 times those of single-type daytime and nighttime heatwaves, respectively. Across different climate zones, the three types of heatwaves all exhibit significant correlations with El Niño and La Niña events. Specifically, the tropical regions see the highest heatwave frequency and intensity during El Niño years. Meanwhile, land surface water-energy exchange exerts a significant impact on heatwave evolution, and its effects vary across different climate zones: arid and temperate regions are more significantly affected than continental and polar regions. This study reveals the critical roles of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and water-energy exchange in regulating heatwave frequency and intensity. It is recommended that future heatwave forecasts should focus on the evolution of antecedent heat accumulation and subsequent fluctuation characteristics to improve the accuracy and reliability of predictions.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集提供了1980年至2023年全球陆地日间型、夜间型和复合型热浪的日尺度数据，空间分辨率为0.05°至0.1°，基于ERA5L再分析资料生成，热浪定义为连续3天以上气温超过当地历史90%分位数。数据集揭示了热浪频率和强度与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动及陆面水-能量交换的关联，复合型热浪的发生频率和强度是单一型热浪的2-3倍。