The environmental impact of energy consumption and carbon emissions in radiology departments: a systematic review

Objectives: Energy consumption and carbon emissions from medical equipment like CT/MRI scanners and workstations contribute to the environmental impact of healthcare facilities. The aim of this systematic review was to identify all strategies to reduce energy use and carbon emissions in radiology.

Methods: In June 2023, a systematic review (Medline/EMBASE/Web of Science) was performed to search original articles on environmental sustainability in radiology. The extracted data include environmental sustainability topics (e.g., energy consumption, carbon footprint) and radiological devices involved. Sustainable actions and environmental impact in radiology settings were analysed. Study quality was assessed using the QualSyst tool.

Results: From 918 retrieved articles, 16 met the inclusion criteria. Among them, main topics were energy consumption (10/16, 62.5%), life-cycle assessment (4/16, 25.0%), and carbon footprint (2/16, 12.5%). Eleven studies reported that 40−91% of the energy consumed by radiological devices can be defined as “nonproductive” (devices “on” but not working). Turning-off devices during idle periods 9/16 (56.2%) and implementing workflow informatic tools (2/16, 12.5%) were the sustainable actions identified. Energy-savings strategies were reported in 8/16 articles (50%), estimating annual savings of thousand kilowatt-hours (14,180−171,000 kWh). Cost-savings were identified in 7/16 (43.7%) articles, ranging from 9,225 to 14,328 US$ per device. Study quality was over or equal the 80% of high-quality level in 14/16 (87.5%) articles.

Conclusion: Energy consumption and environmental sustainability in radiology received attention in literature. Sustainable actions include turning-off radiological devices during idle periods, favoring the most energy-efficient imaging devices, and educating radiological staff on energy-saving practices, without compromising service quality.