Investigating the relationship between corruption and health outcomes in Central and Eastern Europe

Exploratory analysis of the impact of corruption on health outcomes in 12 CEE countries during the period 2012-2020, using fixed effects panel data analysis. Variables were selected from various databases and combined into one dataset. Methodology: Our conceptual model seeks to ascertain any association between corruption and two core health system functions, improving health (incorporating access and quality) and fair financing. We capture access and quality using Eurostat data on avoidable mortality. We capture fair financing using data on out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses, sourced from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators. Given that there is no single pathway between corruption and health outcomes, we chose to explore two indicators which are reflective of a well-functioning and equitable healthcare system. OOP payments, which includes informal payments, are indicative of catastrophic spending and therefore may be on the pathway as such payments may limit access to essential and timely health services needed to retain good health. Similarly, avoidable mortality is indicative of a responsive and efficient healthcare system and may indicate the scope for health improvement if corrupt practices were curbed.