Prediction of Potential Risk for Flupyradifurone and Its Transformation Products to Hydrobionts

Flupyradifurone (FPF) is considered the latest generation
of neonicotinoid
insecticides. Here, we investigated the toxicity and ecological risk
of FPF and its aerobic transformation products (TPs) to aquatic species
using the method of prediction. We found that FPF exhibited moderate
or high toxicity to some aquatic species. The 5% hazardous concentration
of FPF was 3.84 μg/L for aquatic organisms. We obtained 91 aerobic
TPs for FPF, and almost half of FPF TPs exhibited toxicity to fish
or Daphnia. Eleven of the TPs of FPF exhibited a
high or moderate risk to aquatic ecosystems. All FPF TPs with high
and moderate risks contained a 6-chloropyridine ring structure, indicating
that the derivant of a pyridine ring exhibits potential risks to aquatic
ecosystems. Our results provide insight into the potential risk of
FPF to aquatic ecosystems and could be used to help set criteria to
control pollution caused by FPF.