Seawater carbonate chemistry and survival and performance of early life stage North Atlantic bivalves (Mercenaria mercenaria, Crassostrea virginica, Argopecten irradians and Mytilus edulis)

Here, larval bivalves (Mercenaria mercenaria, Crassostrea virginica, Argopecten irradians) and juvenile mussels (Mytilus edulis) were exposed to cycles of low dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH of varying duration (4-, 6-, 8-, and 12-h) and strength (moderate: DO range ~ 6 mg/L, pH range ~ 0.6 and severe: DO range ~ 10 mg/L, pH range ~ 0.9) compared to positive (normoxic and normocapnic) and negative (hypoxic and acidified) static controls. Growth, survival, respiration and clearance rates were measured.