Comprehensive Molecular Annotation of Adverse Outcome Pathways Related to Human Health

Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) are multi-scale models of biological mechanisms connecting molecular initiating events to adverse outcomes through measurable key events. AOPs can guide the use and development of new approach methodologies (NAMs) aimed at reducing animal experimentation in chemical safety assessment. Here, we present a comprehensive molecular annotation of AOPs relevant to human health to embed the AOP framework into molecular data interpretation, which supports the development and application of novel AOP-based approaches in biomedical research.