Ionosphere-Thermosphere Responses to the March 2023 Geomagnetic Storm Using Observations and TIEGCM Simulations Driven by Data Assimilated Aurora and Electric Fields

These are the datasets used to prepare the figures in Poudel & Lu (2026).

1. omni_20230322-25.lst – This dataset contains solar wind and geomagnetic parameters obtained from OMNIWeb for March 22–25, 2023. It includes standard interplanetary magnetic field, solar wind, and geomagnetic indices used to produce Figure 1. These data are downloaded from https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/omni_min.html.

2. eflux_energy.nc – This dataset contains electron energy flux and characteristic energy derived from DMSP SSUSI, THEMIS ASIs, and the empirical auroral model of Zhang and Paxton (2008). It is used to produce Figure 2b and 2c. DMSP data are downloaded form NASA space physics facility https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/dmsp/

3. PFISR_Efield.nc – This dataset contains electric field measurements from PFISR, obtained from the Madrigal Database https://cedar.openmadrigal.org/list. It was used to produce Figure 2a.

4. TIEGCM_EF_AUR.nc – This dataset contains electric field, auroral energy flux, and auroral number flux from both empirical and assimilated results. It includes two groups: aur_assim_e_assim, representing assimilated aurora and assimilated electric field, and aur_emp_e_emp, representing empirical aurora and empirical electric field. It was used to produce Figures 3 and 4.

5. GOLD.nc – This dataset contains GOLD Level-2 TDISK neutral temperature and O/N₂ observations used to produce Figure 6. GOLD data can be downloaded from the GOLD data portal (https://gold.cs.ucf.edu/data)

6. TIEGCM_TN_ON2.nc – This dataset contains TIEGCM simulated neutral temperature (TN) and column O/N₂ ratio used to produce Figures 6 and 7. It contains four simulation groups:
aur_emp_e_emp – empirical aurora and empirical electric field
aur_emp_e_assim – empirical aurora and assimilated electric field
aur_assim_e_emp – assimilated aurora and empirical electric field
aur_assim_e_assim – assimilated aurora and assimilated electric field

7. TIEGCM_JH_WN_UN_VN_ON2_11_14UT.nc – This dataset contains averaged Joule heating, vertical neutral wind (WN), zonal wind (UN), meridional wind (VN), and O/N₂ for 11:00–14:00 UT from four simulation groups as mentioned in point 6. It was used to produce Figure 8.

8. PFISR_TI_TE_NE.nc – This dataset contains PFISR observations of ion temperature (TI), electron temperature (TE), and electron density (NE), used to produce Figure 9. These data were obtained from the Madrigal Database. Data are accessed by selecting Poker flat ISR under the incoherent scatter radar category and choosing the observation dates of March 22 and March 24, 2023.

9. TIEGCM_TI_TE_NE_JH_DEN.nc – This dataset contains TIEGCM simulated ion temperature (TI), electron temperature (TE), electron density (NE), Joule heating (JH) and Density (DEN) from all four simulation groups as mentioned in point 6. It was used to produce Figures 10–13.