Determination of inorganic and organic pollutants in a dated sediment core of the Skagerrak (North Sea)@en

We investigated 90 contaminants covering inorganic and organic pollutants analyzed in a set of sediment cores taken in the North Sea (Skagerrak). The cores were taken by the German Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH) in August 2017 on the RV CelticExplorer (Cruise CE17013a) using a multi corer (MUC, Oktopus, Kiel, Germany) at 57° 49.8 N and 7° 59.9 E at 520 m water depth. Samples were radiometrically dated and analyzed for the mass fractions of eight elements, as well as Pb isotope ratios by (MC) ICP-MS. Analysis of 61 HOCs was carried out using accelerated solvent extraction followed by GC–MS/MS analysis. Determination of 21 PFAS was carried out following DIN 38414-14, 2011, using LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, concentrations of 12 PAHs and 7 PCBs in porewaters were determined using equilibrium passive sampling and GC-MS analysis. Determined mass fractions decreased towards more recent deposited sediment for most analyzed contaminants. These trends could be linked to the time of introductions of restrictions and bans. Therefore, our results confirm, amongst possible other factors, the effectiveness of environmental legislation by revealing a successive change in contamination levels over the decades.本研究针对北海水域（斯卡格拉克海峡）采集的一批沉积岩芯中的90种污染物展开分析，涵盖无机污染物与有机污染物两大类。该批沉积岩芯由德国联邦海事与水文局（German Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency，BSH）于2017年8月搭载“凯尔特探险家号”科考船（RV CelticExplorer，航次CE17013a），使用多管采样器（multi corer，缩写MUC，型号Oktopus，产自德国基尔），在北纬57°49.8′、东经7°59.9′、水深520米的海域采集获取。对采集样品进行了放射性定年，并通过(MC) ICP-MS（多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱法）分析了8种元素的质量分数与铅同位素比值。针对61种HOCs（疏水性有机污染物，Hydrophobic Organic Compounds）采用加速溶剂萃取法进行前处理，随后通过GC-MS/MS（气相色谱-串联质谱，Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry）完成分析。按照DIN 38414-14, 2011标准，采用LC-MS/MS（液相色谱-串联质谱，Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry）对21种PFAS（全氟和多氟烷基物质，Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances）进行定量分析。此外，采用平衡被动采样法结合GC-MS（气相色谱-质谱，Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry）分析了孔隙水中12种PAHs（多环芳烃，Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons）与7种PCBs（多氯联苯，Polychlorinated Biphenyls）的浓度。多数目标污染物的质量分数随沉积年代趋近于表层新近沉积层呈下降趋势。该类趋势可与各类环境管控与禁令的实施时间相对应。因此，本研究通过揭示数十年来污染物浓度的连续变化趋势，在诸多潜在影响因素中证实了环境立法的有效性。