Breeding value based on the number of grains per plant of soft winter wheat varieties in 2021-2023.

The results of evaluating the breeding value of winter wheat varieties of different ecotypes based on the number of grains per plant during 2021–2023 are presented. The variability of the trait (minimum and maximum values) was examined and the breeding value (Sc) was calculated for varieties of the forest-steppe, steppe, and Western European ecotypes. It was established that the highest mean grain number per plant and breeding value were demonstrated by the varieties Zorepad Bilotserkivskyi (Sc = 68.4) and Fidelius (Sc = 72.0). The data obtained allow for the identification of the most stable and productive genotypes for further application in breeding programs aimed at increasing the grain yield of soft winter wheat. Breeding value (Sc) was calculated according to V. V. Khangildyn and M. A. Lytvynenko (1981): Sc = X × (Xlim / Xopt), where: Sc – breeding value; X – the mean value of the studied trait; Xlim – the minimum value of the trait; Xopt – the maximum value of the trait.