SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR THE COMPLEX PROCESSING OF COPPER-MOLYBDENUM ORES FROM THE KALMAKYR DEPOSIT

This study investigates the occurrence forms of metals and the physicochemical characteristics of copper-molybdenum ores from the Kalmakyr deposit. Comprehensive mineralogical and technological analyses were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), SEM–EDS investigations and flotation experiments. The results showed that chalcopyrite, molybdenite and pyrite are the dominant ore minerals distributed in finely disseminated forms within silicate and sulfide phases. Variations in oxide composition significantly affected ore hardness, mineral liberation and flotation behavior. Technological experiments demonstrated that grinding fineness, pulp pH and reagent consumption strongly influence metal recovery efficiency. The optimal flotation performance was achieved at a grinding size of 74 µm and pH 9–11, which improved concentrate quality and reduced metal losses. Sequential rougher, scavenger and cleaner flotation stages enhanced selective separation of valuable minerals and increased beneficiation efficiency. The obtained results provide a scientific basis for improving complex processing technologies for Kalmakyr copper-molybdenum ores.