Evolutionary novelties in cranial kinesis promote the diversification of nesting strategies, foraging behavior and diet during the adaptive radiation of ovenbird-woodcreeper family (Furnariidae)

The evolution of different cranial kinesis types in modern birds has likely driven some spectacular adaptive radiations. However, in certain taxonomic groups, the functional role of new kinesis types remains unclear. This is the case of furnariids, a family of neotropical passerines known for their stunning nest diversity and ecomorphological disparity. These birds exhibit two types of kinesis, each showing different degrees of craniofacial modularity and representing a distinct regime of evolutionary convergence in both beak and neurocranium. Nevertheless, the extrinsic factors shaping the traits associated with kinesis remain unknown. In this study, we assessed correlations between shape, kinesis type, and six ecological variables, alongside the role of kinesis in transitions toward domed nests and open habitats. We found that nest type and diet shaped the evolution of beak and cranial kinesis traits, while diet, foraging behavior, foraging strata, and primary habitat structure influe..., *Any references to Supplementary Figures and Appendices refer to materials included in the associated manuscript and are not part of the files deposited in this Dryad repository. Users should consult the published article to access these materials. Morphological data and phylogenetic hypothesis Variation in beak and neurocranium shape was quantified through geometric morphometrics (hereafter GM) using a previously published dataset of 83 species of Furnariidae (Stefanini et al., 2025). For this work, we sampled two additional species, namely, Ochetorynchus phoenicurus and Xiphorhynchus obsoletus (see Supplementary Table S1 for information on specimens used in this work). A total of 17 anatomical landmarks and 33 curve semilandmarks were digitized on photographs taken in lateral view of each specimen using Stereomorph (v. 1.6.7) (Olsen & Westneat, 2015), as this view captures the main morphological features associated with cranial kinesis and beak function in birds. We used the landm..., # Data from: Evolutionary novelties in cranial kinesis promote the diversification of nesting strategies, foraging behavior and diet during the adaptive radiation of ovenbird-woodcreeper family (Furnariidae) Dataset DOI: [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dbrv15fh7](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dbrv15fh7) ## Description of the data and file structure # README – Data for Stefanini et al. (2026) ## Overview This repository contains all data and code required to reproduce the analyses presented in: **Stefanini et al. (2026)** – *Evolutionary novelties in cranial kinesis promote the diversification of nesting strategies, foraging behavior, and diet during the adaptive radiation of the Furnariidae*. DOI: [https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpag065](https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpag065) The study integrates geometric morphometrics, ecological traits, and phylogenetic comparative methods to evaluate the role of cranial kinesis in the evolutionary diversification of ovenbirds and woodcreepers..., ,现代鸟类不同头骨运动（cranial kinesis）类型的演化，或推动了多类极具代表性的适应性辐射。然而在部分分类类群中，新型头骨运动类型的功能角色仍未明确。灶鸟科（Furnariidae）便是如此——这是一类新热带雀形目鸟类，以其极为多样的巢型与生态形态学差异闻名。 该类鸟类存在两种头骨运动类型，二者分别呈现不同程度的颅面模块化特征，且在喙与脑颅层面各自代表一套独立的演化趋同模式。不过，塑造头骨运动相关性状的外在驱动因素仍不明确。 本研究探究了头骨形态、头骨运动类型与六项生态变量之间的相关性，同时分析了头骨运动在鸟类转向穹顶巢与开放生境的演化过渡中的作用。研究结果显示，巢型与食性塑造了喙与头骨运动性状的演化，而食性、觅食行为、觅食层位以及主要生境结构则影响……*本说明中提及的补充图与附录均为关联手稿的附属材料，并未包含于本Dryad仓储的提交文件中。使用者需查阅已发表的原文以获取此类资料。 形态学数据与系统发育假说 本研究通过几何形态测量法（geometric morphometrics，以下简称GM）量化喙与脑颅的形态变异，所用数据集源自已发表的83种灶鸟科物种的相关数据（Stefanini等，2025）。本次研究额外新增了两个采样物种：即Ochetorynchus phoenicurus与Xiphorhynchus obsoletus（本研究所用标本的详细信息见补充表S1）。 研究人员利用Stereomorph（v.1.6.7）软件（Olsen与Westneat，2015），对每个标本的侧面视角照片进行数字化处理，共标记17个解剖学标志点与33条曲线半标志点——该视角可捕捉鸟类头骨运动与喙部功能相关的主要形态特征。我们采用的标志点……# 数据集来源：《头骨运动演化创新推动灶鸟-砍林鸟科（Furnariidae）适应性辐射过程中巢型策略、觅食行为与食性的多样化》 数据集DOI: [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dbrv15fh7](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dbrv15fh7) 数据与文件结构说明 # 说明文档——Stefanini等（2026）数据集 ## 概述 本仓储包含复现以下论文分析所需的全部数据与代码： **Stefanini等（2026）**——《头骨运动演化创新推动灶鸟科适应性辐射过程中巢型策略、觅食行为与食性的多样化》 DOI: [https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpag065](https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpag065) 本研究整合几何形态测量法、生态性状与系统发育比较方法，以评估头骨运动在灶鸟与砍林鸟的演化多样化进程中的作用……