Main findings of surgical intervention studies relating to parathyroid conditions, cognitive function and dementia.

Note: Empty cells indicate no relevant results. Arrows and dashes indicate the number of tests conducted under each domain.a Study reporting results for more than one type of research design (e.g. prospective and cross-sectional, pre-post surgery and case-control, see S1 Table).b: Pre-post surgery study with no control group.c: Total number of tests used or comparisons made not clearly reported.d: P values not fully reported.↑: Postoperative improvement compared to controls (p –: No statistically significant association/difference (p ?: Direction of change unclear.Main findings of surgical intervention studies relating to parathyroid conditions, cognitive function and dementia.