Food Insecurity Experience Scale 2014 - North Macedonia

Abstract
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Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 2.1 commits countries to end hunger, ensure access by all people to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year around. Indicator 2.1.2, “Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)”, provides internationally-comparable estimates of the proportion of the population facing difficulties in accessing food. More detailed background information is available at http://www.fao.org/in-action/voices-of-the-hungry/fies/en/ .

The FIES-based indicators are compiled using the FIES survey module, containing 8 questions. Two indicators can be computed: 1. The proportion of the population experiencing moderate or severe food insecurity (SDG indicator 2.1.2), 2. The proportion of the population experiencing severe food insecurity. These data were collected by FAO through the Gallup World Poll. General information on the methodology can be found here: https://www.gallup.com/178667/gallup-world-poll-work.aspx. National institutions can also collect FIES data by including the FIES survey module in nationally representative surveys.

Microdata can be used to calculate the indicator 2.1.2 at national level. Instructions for computing this indicator are described in the methodological document available under the "DOCUMENTATION" tab above. Disaggregating results at sub-national level is not encouraged because estimates will suffer from substantial sampling and measurement error.

Geographic coverage
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National coverage

Analysis unit
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Individuals

Universe
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Individuals of 15 years or older.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The sample was drawn proportional to the population and the country was stratified by region and by population size strata.
Exclusions: None
Design effect: 1.39

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The questionnaire is provided as an external resource in the Documentation Section.

Cleaning operations
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Statistical validation assesses the quality of the FIES data collected by testing their consistency with the assumptions of the Rasch model. This analysis involves the interpretation of several statistics that reveal 1) items that do not perform well in a given context, 2) cases with highly erratic response patterns, 3) pairs of items that may be redundant, and 4) the proportion of total variance in the population that is accounted for by the measurement model.

Sampling error estimates
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The margin of error is estimated as 3.7. This is calculated around a proportion at the 95% confidence level. The maximum margin of error was calculated assuming a reported percentage of 50% and takes into account the design effect.

摘要
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可持续发展目标（SDG）2.1项承诺各国致力于消除饥饿，确保全年所有人都能获得安全、营养充足的食物。指标2.1.2，“基于食品不安全感经验量表（FIES）的食品不安全普遍性”，提供了国际上可比较的估计，表明面临获取食品困难的人口比例。更多详细的背景信息可在以下链接查看：http://www.fao.org/in-action/voices-of-the-hungry/fies/en/ 。

基于FIES的指标是通过FIES调查模块编制的，包含8个问题。可以计算两个指标：1. 经历中等到严重食品不安全的人口比例（SDG指标2.1.2），2. 经历严重食品不安全的人口比例。这些数据由FAO通过盖洛普世界民意调查收集。关于方法论的详细信息可在以下链接找到：https://www.gallup.com/178667/gallup-world-poll-work.aspx。国家机构也可以通过在国家代表性调查中包含FIES调查模块来收集FIES数据。

微观数据可以用来计算国家层面的指标2.1.2。计算此指标的说明可在上述“文档”标签下的方法论文件中找到。不建议在次国家层面上分解结果，因为估计将受到大量抽样和测量误差的影响。

地理覆盖范围
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国家覆盖范围

分析单位
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个体

总体
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15岁及以上的个体。

数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]

抽样程序
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样本按照人口比例抽取，国家按地区和人口规模层进行分层。排除：无
设计效应：1.39

数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]

研究工具
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问卷作为外部资源提供，可在“文档”部分找到。

数据清洗操作
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统计验证评估了FIES数据收集的质量，通过测试其与拉施模型假设的一致性。该分析涉及解释多个统计量，揭示以下内容：1）在特定情境下表现不佳的项目，2）具有高度异常响应模式的案例，3）可能冗余的项目对，以及4）由测量模型解释的总体中总方差的比例。

抽样误差估计
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误差范围估计为3.7。这是在95%置信水平下围绕比例计算的。最大误差范围是在假设报告百分比为50%的情况下计算的，并考虑了设计效应。