Water table elevation of the Great Artesian Basin (GABWRA)

## **Abstract** \n\nThis dataset and its metadata statement were supplied to the Bioregional Assessment Programme by a third party and are presented here as originally supplied.\n\n\n\nWater table elevation of the Great Artesian Basin. Data is available as contours (Shapefile) and elevation grids (ESRI grid and ESRI ASCII grid) Height is in metres above sea level (AHD). Cell resolution is 1000m. Contours and elevations were produced for the Great Artesian Basin Water Resource Assessment and used in watertable maps in: 1. Chapter 6 of Ransley TR and Smerdon BD (eds) (2012) Hydrostratigraphy, hydrogeology and system conceptualisation of the Great Artesian Basin. A technical report to the Australian Government from the CSIRO Great Artesian Basin Water Resource Assessment. CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country Flagship, Australia. 2. Regional watertable section of Smerdon BD, Welsh WD and Ransley TR (eds) (2012) Water resource assessment for the Carpentaria region. A report to the Australian Government from the CSIRO Great Artesian Basin Water Resource Assessment. CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country Flagship, Australia, plus Figure 10 in the associated summary report. 3. Regional watertable section of Smerdon BD and Ransley TR (eds) (2012) Water resource assessment for the Central Eromanga region. A report to the Australian Government from the CSIRO Great Artesian Basin Water Resource Assessment. CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country Flagship, Australia, plus Figure 13 in the associated summary report. 4. Regional watertable section of Smerdon BD and Ransley TR (eds) (2012) Water resource assessment for the Surat region. A report to the Australian Government from the CSIRO Great Artesian Basin Water Resource Assessment. CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country Flagship, Australia, plus Figure 14 in the associated summary report. 5. Regional watertable section of Smerdon BD, Welsh WD and Ransley TR (eds) (2012) Water resource assessment for the Western Eromanga region. A report to the Australian Government from the CSIRO Great Artesian Basin Water Resource Assessment. CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country Flagship, Australia, plus Figure 12 in the associated summary report. This dataset and associated metadata can be obtained from www.ga.gov.au, using catalogue number 75830.\n\n## **Dataset History** \n\nThe watertable contours were hand drawn from water level data. Interpretation was by Jim Kellet of Geoscience Australia. Water level data was provided in state groundwater databases for NSW and Queensland. SA and NT data points were supplied by Flinders University. Additional data points were obtained from reports published by the state geological surveys and water authorities, and from unpublished BMR records and consultants' reports. \n\n\n\nWatertable elevation surface of the Great Artesian Basin was interpolated from the contour dataset.\n\n\n\nSOURCE DATA: \n\n1.\tQueensland groundwater database (water levels),\n\nNatural Resources and Mines \\[2010\\]. Queensland Groundwater database. Qld Government (Department of Natural Resources and Mines)\n\n2.\tNew South Wales groundwater database (water levels) \n\nNew South Wales. Department of Land and Water Conservation, 2010. Pinneena Groundwater Works Version 3.1 \\[electronic resource\\]: New South Wales surface water data archive / Department of Land & Water Conservation, NSW Government.\n\n3.\tSouth Australia groundwater database (water levels). \n\n4.\tNorthern territory groundwater database (water levels)\n\n5.\tRemote sensing studies of Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) \n\n6.\tChamberlain T and Wilkinson K (eds.) (2006) Salinity investigations using airborne geophysics in the Lower Balonne area, Southern Queensland. Department of Natural resources and Mines, Queensland. 255p\n\n7.\tGibson DL (1975) Auger Drilling, Cape York Peninsula, 1974. Record 1975/11. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Canberra\n\n8.\tGibson DL, Powell BS, Doutch HF, Smart J and Grimes KG (1973) Shallow stratigraphic drilling in the Carpentaria and Laura Basins, 1972. Record 1973/77. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Canberra\n\n9.\tHabermehl MA, Devonshire J and Magee JW (2009). Sustainable Groundwater Allocations in the Intake Beds if the Great Artesian Basin in New South Wales. Bureau of Rural Sciences, Canberra\n\n10.\tHeathgate Resources Pty Ltd (2008). Beverly Mine Report. 3rd Party Users of Groundwater Surrounding the Beverly Four Mile ML Application Area. Unpublished report.\n\n11.\tKellett J, Mullen I, Mansfield D, Spring J and Frost M (2008). Drilling, Coring and Geophysical Logging for Calibration of Airborne Electromagnetic Survey in the Lower Macquarie Valley, New South Wales, Australia. Bureau of Resources Sciences, Canberra. \n\n12.\tSmart J and Grimes KC (1971). Shallow stratigraphic drilling, eastern Carpentaria Basin, 1971. Record 1971/143. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Canberra.\n\n13.\tSmart J, Powell BS and Gibson DL (1974) Auger drilling, northern Cape York Peninsula, 1973. Record 1974/75. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Australia.\n\n14.\tWarner KR (1968) Gilbert - Staaten Rivers groundwater investigations. Report 24. Geological Survey of Queensland, Brisbane.\n\n\n\nBOUNDARY: \n\n1.\tRevised Great Artesian Basin Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary, 2013. Geoscience Australia. Canberra\n\n2.\tGEODATA TOPO 250K Series 3, Framework Boundaries. Available from Geoscience Australia http://ww.ga.gov.au\n\n\n\nMETHODS:\n\nContours were hand drawn from point water level data. Groundwater water levels along rivers with high EVI values were assumed to be 10m below ground. This information was used to interpret groundwater level contours where borehole water level data was absent. In areas of sparse data coverage the 3 second DEM was used to constrain contours below ground level. SA water levels were corrected for density effects due to salinity (in excess of 100,000 mg/L TDS in some bores in the Eyre Basin) but all others were uncorrected because salinity data were not available. Density corrections for the watertable are not deemed to be an issue outside of the SA portion of the GAB. Remote sensing studies of Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) were also used in the interpretation to provide water level information along certain rivers (refer to data set "Watercourses used to calculate riparian evapotranspiration loss from the GAB") where there were no boreholes.\n\n\n\nThe hand drawn transparencies interpreted by Jim Kellet were scanned into a 2bit tiff file format. Scanned images were then rectified within ArcGIS and vectorised into linework using the ArcScan toolset to produce the polyline dataset\n\n\n\nLinework and were attributed with a contour value within the field "height", as well as a DESCRIPTION of the line TYPE in the field "descript".\n\n\n\nThe grid surface was created using the Topo to Raster tool in the Spatial Analyst toolset from the values within the "height" field and clipped to the Revised Great Artesian Basin boundary and GEODATA TOPO 250K coastline.\n\n\n\nFurther information can be found at http://www.ga.gov.au/metadata-gateway/metadata/record/gcat_75830\n\n## **Dataset Citation** \n\nGeoscience Australia (2013) Water table elevation of the Great Artesian Basin (GABWRA). Bioregional Assessment Source Dataset. Viewed 10 December 2018, http://data.bioregionalassessments.gov.au/dataset/08f01dba-ec93-4c00-8e29-2b25a1948a33.

## 摘要

本数据集及其元数据声明由第三方提交至生物区域评估计划（Bioregional Assessment Programme），本文档按原始提交内容呈现。

大自流盆地（Great Artesian Basin, GAB）地下水位高程数据。数据以等值线（Shapefile）与高程栅格（ESRI栅格及ESRI ASCII栅格）两种格式提供，高程单位为米，采用澳大利亚高程基准（Australian Height Datum, AHD）。栅格单元分辨率为1000米。

本次提交的等值线与高程数据为大自流盆地水资源评估（Great Artesian Basin Water Resource Assessment）项目所生成，已应用于以下出版物的地下水位图中：
1. Ransley TR与Smerdon BD（主编）(2012)《大自流盆地水文地层学、水文地质与系统概念模型》，为澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织（Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, CSIRO）大自流盆地水资源评估项目提交给澳大利亚政府的技术报告，CSIRO健康水系旗舰项目（CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country Flagship）出版，澳大利亚。
2. Smerdon BD、Welsh WD与Ransley TR（主编）(2012)《卡奔塔利亚地区水资源评估》，为澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织大自流盆地水资源评估项目提交给澳大利亚政府的报告，CSIRO健康水系旗舰项目出版，澳大利亚。该报告的区域地下水位章节及配套总结报告中的图10均使用了本数据。
3. Smerdon BD与Ransley TR（主编）(2012)《中艾罗曼加地区水资源评估》，为澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织大自流盆地水资源评估项目提交给澳大利亚政府的报告，CSIRO健康水系旗舰项目出版，澳大利亚。该报告的区域地下水位章节及配套总结报告中的图13均使用了本数据。
4. Smerdon BD与Ransley TR（主编）(2012)《苏拉特地区水资源评估》，为澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织大自流盆地水资源评估项目提交给澳大利亚政府的报告，CSIRO健康水系旗舰项目出版，澳大利亚。该报告的区域地下水位章节及配套总结报告中的图14均使用了本数据。
5. Smerdon BD、Welsh WD与Ransley TR（主编）(2012)《西艾罗曼加地区水资源评估》，为澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织大自流盆地水资源评估项目提交给澳大利亚政府的报告，CSIRO健康水系旗舰项目出版，澳大利亚。该报告的区域地下水位章节及配套总结报告中的图12均使用了本数据。

本数据集及相关元数据可通过澳大利亚地球科学局（Geoscience Australia）官网www.ga.gov.au获取，目录编号为75830。

## 数据集历史

本数据集的地下水位等值线由水位数据手工绘制而成，解译工作由澳大利亚地球科学局的Jim Kellet完成。新南威尔士州（New South Wales, NSW）与昆士兰州（Queensland, QLD）的水位数据来源于其州级地下水数据库，南澳大利亚州（South Australia, SA）与北领地（Northern Territory, NT）的数据点由弗林德斯大学（Flinders University）提供。额外的数据点则取自各州地质调查局与水利部门发布的报告，以及未公开的澳大利亚矿产资源局（Bureau of Mineral Resources, BMR）档案与咨询报告。

大自流盆地地下水位高程表面由等值线数据集插值生成。

### 源数据

1. 昆士兰州地下水数据库（水位数据）：自然资源与矿产部（Natural Resources and Mines）[2010]。《昆士兰州地下水数据库》，昆士兰州政府（自然资源与矿产部）。
2. 新南威尔士州地下水数据库（水位数据）：新南威尔士州土地与水利保护部，2010年。《Pinneena地下水工程版本3.1》[电子资源]：新南威尔士州地表水数据档案库/新南威尔士州土地与水利保护部，新南威尔士州政府。
3. 南澳大利亚州地下水数据库（水位数据）。
4. 北领地地下水数据库（水位数据）。
5. 增强型植被指数（Enhanced Vegetation Index, EVI）遥感研究。
6. Chamberlain T与Wilkinson K（主编）(2006)《昆士兰州南部下巴洛恩地区航空地球物理法盐度调查》，昆士兰州自然资源与矿产部，255页。
7. Gibson DL (1975)《1974年约克角半岛螺旋钻探》，档案编号1975/11，堪培拉澳大利亚矿产资源局。
8. Gibson DL、Powell BS、Doutch HF、Smart J与Grimes KG (1973)《1972年卡奔塔利亚与劳拉盆地浅层地层钻探》，档案编号1973/77，堪培拉澳大利亚矿产资源局。
9. Habermehl MA、Devonshire J与Magee JW (2009)《新南威尔士州大自流盆地补给层可持续地下水分配》，堪培拉澳大利亚农村科学局（Bureau of Rural Sciences）。
10. Heathgate Resources Pty Ltd (2008)《贝弗利矿山报告》：《贝弗利四英里ML申请区周边地下水第三方用户报告》，未公开报告。
11. Kellet J、Mullen I、Mansfield D、Spring J与Frost M (2008)《澳大利亚新南威尔士州下麦夸里山谷航空电磁测量校准钻探、取心与地球物理测井》，堪培拉澳大利亚资源科学局（Bureau of Resources Sciences）。
12. Smart J与Grimes KC (1971)《1971年东卡奔塔利亚盆地浅层地层钻探》，档案编号1971/143，堪培拉澳大利亚矿产资源局。
13. Smart J、Powell BS与Gibson DL (1974)《1973年北约克角半岛螺旋钻探》，档案编号1974/75，澳大利亚堪培拉矿产资源局。
14. Warner KR (1968)《吉尔伯特-斯塔滕河地下水调查》，报告编号24，昆士兰州地质调查局，布里斯班。

### 边界

1. 2013年修订版大自流盆地侏罗纪-白垩纪边界，澳大利亚地球科学局，堪培拉。
2. GEODATA TOPO 250K第三系列框架边界，可从澳大利亚地球科学局官网http://ww.ga.gov.au获取。

### 方法

等值线由点位水位数据手工绘制而成。对于增强型植被指数（EVI）值较高的沿河区域，地下水位被假定为低于地面10米。在无钻孔水位数据的区域，该信息被用于解译地下水位等值线。在数据覆盖稀疏的区域，采用3秒分辨率数字高程模型（Digital Elevation Model, DEM）约束等值线，使其符合地面高程。

南澳大利亚州的水位数据针对盐度导致的密度效应进行了校正（艾尔盆地部分钻孔的总溶解固体（Total Dissolved Solids, TDS）浓度超过100,000 mg/L），但其余区域的水位数据因缺乏盐度数据而未进行校正。大自流盆地南澳大利亚州以外区域的地下水位密度校正则无必要。在无钻孔数据的河段，增强型植被指数（EVI）遥感研究也被用于解译，以获取沿河区域的水位信息（详见数据集《用于计算大自流盆地河岸蒸散损失的水系》）。

由Jim Kellet解译的手工绘制透明底图被扫描为2位TIFF文件格式。扫描后的图像在ArcGIS软件中进行几何校正，并通过ArcScan工具集矢量化为线要素，生成折线数据集。

线要素及其属性被赋予了"height"字段存储的等值线数值，以及"descript"字段存储的线类型描述信息。

高程栅格表面通过空间分析工具集（Spatial Analyst）中的“地形转栅格（Topo to Raster）”工具，基于"height"字段的数值生成，并裁剪至修订后的大自流盆地边界与GEODATA TOPO 250K海岸线范围内。

更多信息可访问http://www.ga.gov.au/metadata-gateway/metadata/record/gcat_75830获取。

## 数据集引用

澳大利亚地球科学局(2013)《大自流盆地地下水位高程数据（GABWRA）》，生物区域评估源数据集。2018年12月10日访问，http://data.bioregionalassessments.gov.au/dataset/08f01dba-ec93-4c00-8e29-2b25a1948a33。