Soil data and auxiliary climate variables from central Samoylov Island, Lena River Delta, Siberia (2012 – 2021)@en

The Arctic is changing rapidly as strong air temperature warming induces a multitude of feedback mechanisms including changes in the snow cover and warming and thawing of permafrost soils. Due to the high interannual variability, multi-year datasets are needed to asses the complex interaction between climate and soil variables. However, such data series are scarce in the Arctic and some areas such as North-east Siberia are widely understudied. Here we present a comprehensive dataset covering time series of 2012 to 2021 of soil and climate variables at the center of Samoylov Island, Lena River Delta, Siberia (72.3742°N, 126.4959°E). The data cover the spatial variability of a polygonal tundra landscape as one profile was installed at the elevated dry polygon rim and the second at the lower inundated polygon center. The time series include in total 16 soil temperature measurements at depths down to 1m, 4 ground heat flux series, two water level measurements in wells, 9 time series of soil moisture and the associated dielectricity, and 4 time series of soil thermal properties (thermal conductivity and heat capacity). Auxiliary measurements at the soil station include air temperature at 70cm height, 4 component radiation at polygon rim and center, snow depth, and snow dielectricity at two heights. The dataset includes comprehensive metadata and is suitable for integration in physically based climate and permafrost models.随着大气强烈增温引发包括积雪覆盖变化、永久冻土（permafrost）土壤升温与消融在内的一系列反馈过程，北极地区正经历快速变化。由于气候系统存在较高的年际变率，亟需多年期数据集以评估气候与土壤变量间的复杂相互作用。然而北极地区的此类时间序列数据十分匮乏，东北西伯利亚等部分区域的相关研究仍未得到充分开展。本研究发布一套综合数据集，覆盖西伯利亚勒拿河三角洲萨莫伊洛夫岛（72.3742°N, 126.4959°E）中心区域2012年至2021年的土壤与气候变量时序数据。该数据集覆盖多边形苔原景观的空间异质性：分别在隆起的干燥多边形边缘与低洼的淹没多边形中心各布设了一套观测剖面。本次时序数据总计包含16组地下1米深度内的土壤温度测量序列、4组地面热通量序列、2组井内水位监测数据、9组土壤湿度及其相关介电特性（dielectricity）时序序列，以及4组土壤热特性（热导率（thermal conductivity）与热容量（heat capacity））时序序列。土壤观测站的辅助测量项包括70厘米高度处的气温、多边形边缘与中心的四分量辐射（4 component radiation）数据、积雪深度，以及两个高度处的积雪介电特性数据。本数据集附带完整元数据，可用于集成至基于物理过程的气候与永久冻土模型中。