Laser-driven shock wave generation in the iron samples with the temperature control

Laser-induced shock wave generation is a key technique for investigating phase transitions in various materials within the ultrafast (sub-nanosecond) regime. Despite the drive laser pulse duration extending to several nanoseconds (6.3 ns in our experiments), the resulting shock wave front remains sharply defined. This precision enables detailed observation of the time-dependent phase transition hysteresis. By controlling the initial sample temperature (using the newly developed sample chamber at ID09), we can systematically study different phase transitions within the same material. This approach significantly enhances our understanding of the fundamental physics governing these dynamic processes.