Causality between health care spending and economic growth in Southern African countries: an applied study using a causality analysis, co-integration test

The dataset includes variables on health expenditure, economic growth, trade openness, infant mortality, and clean fuel usage for 9 Southern African countries (2000–2023). Variables have been checked for consistency, and transformations (e.g., natural logarithm of infant mortality) were applied to facilitate econometric analysis. Missing values were handled using standard methods to ensure a complete panel dataset.