Tumor microenvironment remodeling after neoadjuvant immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing

To address the potential therapy-resistant mechanisms and underly the changes of tumor microenvironment (TME) after immunotherapy, we performed scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq from the patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before and after PD-1 blockade combined with chemotherapy. We found that the combined therapy significantly remodeled the immune cell compartments in the TME. Patients with different pathologic responses had distinct characteristics of malignant cells and immune cell compositions. Our study provided several potential biomarkers for future immunotherapy and novel strategies to improve response. Transcriptomic dynamics of NSCLC during anti-PD-1 + chemotherapy Submitter statement concerning raw data: The raw data files have been deposited to Genome Sequence Archive of the BIG Data Center at the Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Science, under accession number HRA001033.