Demographic mechanisms and anthropogenic drivers of contrasting population dynamics of hummingbirds

Conserving species requires knowledge of demographic rates (survival, recruitment) that govern population dynamics to allow the allocation of limited resources to the most vulnerable stages of target species' life cycles. Additionally, quantifying drivers of demographic change facilitates the enactment of specific remediation strategies. However, knowledge gaps persist in how similar environmental changes lead to contrasting population dynamics through demographic rates. For sympatric hummingbird species, the population of urban-associated partial-migrant Anna's hummigbird (Calypte anna) has increased, yet the populations of Neotropical migrants including rufous, calliope, and black-chinned hummingbirds have decreased. Here, we developed an integrated population model to jointly analyze 25 years of mark-recapture data and population survey data for these four species. We examined the contributions of demographic rates on population growth and evaluated the effects of anthropogenic stres..., This R data file contains a named list for each species in our study. It has been processed to remove covariates and data that are not public domain but are available for download at the links provided (indicated with * in the readme file). Each species list contains mark-recapture records (y), the known-state records (z), number of years spanned by the analysis (n.years), numbers banded individuals (n.ind), banding station membership (sta), number of banding stations (n.sta), year of first encounter for each individual (first), year of last possible encounter of each individual if it were to be alive (last), first and last years of mark recapture data (first_yr / last_yr), sex (1 = male, 2 = female) and age (1 = juvenile, 2 = adult) membership for each individual, the observed residency information for each individual in each year (r), the partially observed residency state information for each individual (u), the standardized human population density and crop data in the 3 kilometers ..., Data can be opened in R and analyzed using Nimble., ## Hummingbird IPM data file

This data file contains a list of lists named for each of the four species in our analysis: Anna's (ANHU; *Calypte anna*),
black-chinned (BCHU; *Archilochus alexandri*), calliope (CAHU; *Selasphorus calliope*), and rufous hummingbirds (RUHU;
*Selasphorus* rufus). Each of these lists contains the required mark-recapture inputs for integrated population modelling in R/Nimble. Raw covariates of human population density, land cover classification, as well as Breeding Bird Survey data can be accessed as described under **Sharing/Access information**. To load the file in R from the current working directory:

*load(\"./IPM.shared.Rdata\")*

### Description of the data and file structure

Within each named list, there are data for mark-recapture records (NA = station not active, 0 = not captured, 1 = captured; **y**),
the known state, either alive (1) or unknown (NA) , of each individual in each year (**z**),
number of years spanned by the analysis (**n.years**),
nu...