Funnel plots to visualize overall heterogeneity of MR estimates for the effect of amlodipine on gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

This funnel plot visualizes the relationship between the effect size (βIV) and the standard error (SEIV) of the instrumental variables (IVs) used in the Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis of the relationship between amlodipine use and GERD risk. The lack of asymmetry in this plot suggests minimal bias due to heterogeneity among the SNPs. This supports the reliability of the causal estimates obtained from the MR analysis, indicating a robust association between genetically predicted amlodipine use and GERD risk. (XLSX)