Raw data of "Characterization and Identification of the Lacquered Gauze Excavated from Lianying Han Tomb in China".

The multi-analytical methods including optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermally assisted hydrolysis-methylation pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (THM-Py-GC/MS) were applied to characterize and identify the lacquered gauze fragment excavated from Han Tomb M59 in Lianying village, Yangzhou city, Jiangsu Province, China, dated back to 127-154 BC.  1.Optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)A VHX-600K ultra-depth three-dimensional microscope was used to observe the surface morphological characteristics and weaving structure of the ancient sample.A Schottky field emission scanning electron microscope (ZEISS, Germany) was used to obtain longitudinal and cross-sectional images of the ancient sample and modern ramie sample at an accelerating voltage 3.0 kV. 2.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the ancient sample were acquired using a Nicolet iN10 spectrometer. Spectra were recorded at room temperature from 16 scans at a resolution of 4 cm⁻¹ over the wavenumber range of 4000-400 cm⁻¹. The collected data was processed using Origin 8.0 software and the spectra were baseline-corrected before analysis. 3.Pyrolysis gas chromatography and mass spectrometry with thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation (THM-Py-GC/MS)THM-Py-GC–MS analyses were performed on a CDS Pyroprobe 6200 (CDS Analytical, Oxford, PA, USA) coupled with a Thermo Scientific TRACE 1610 gas chromatograph/ISQ 7610 single quadrupole mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific, USA). A TG-624SilMS capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 1.4 μm) was used with helium flow set to 1.0 mL per minute. The mass spectrometer was equipped with an electron ionization (EI) source operating at 70 eV.Samples were treated with 5 μL of 25% TMAH in methanol and pyrolyzed at 600 °C for 40 seconds. The GC inlet temperature was set to 320 °C and the split ratio was 20:1. The GC column temperature was maintained at 50 °C for 2 min, then increased to 280 °C at 5 °C per min for 1 min, and increased to 300 °C at 25 °C per min for 6 min. The ion source temperature was 250 °C, and the transfer line temperature was 300 °C. The data were acquired in full-scan mode with a scan range of m/z 35-600. The compounds were identified by matching spectra to the NIST mass spectral database.