Replication Data for What are the impacts of counter-SOC awareness raising strategies?

Counter serious and organised crime (SOC) strategies often include an awareness-raising element. Such messaging aims to build support for counter-SOC efforts, and intolerance for organised criminal activity. However, a growing body of research suggests that raising awareness to ‘social bads’ like SOC may risk backfiring by encouraging pessimistic attitudes about whether they can be controlled and could even nudge people to agree with populist narratives which argue that political outsiders represent the only hope for tackling systemic problems. A nationally representative survey experiment in Albania was conducted to test, for the first time, the impact of messages about SOC. Typical of counter-SOC messaging in practice, the first message emphasised the harms SOC causes. The second was more positive, highlighting high levels of social disapproval of SOC, a theme that social norms research suggests may be effective. We find that the first message backfires by reducing confidence in law enforcement and encouraging support for populist ideas. The second message is unexpectedly found to also encourage support for a populist sentiment, while having no positive impact on attitudes about law enforcement. This suggests that even positive messaging about ‘social bads’ can risk triggering unwanted responses.打击严重有组织犯罪（Serious and Organised Crime，SOC）相关防控策略通常包含公众认知提升环节。此类宣传旨在为反SOC行动凝聚共识，并培育公众对有组织犯罪的零容忍态度。然而，越来越多的研究表明，针对SOC这类社会公害开展认知提升宣传，或会适得其反：既可能让公众对这类公害的可治理性产生悲观情绪，甚至会诱导民众认同民粹主义叙事——此类叙事主张，政治圈外人士才是破解系统性问题的唯一希望。 本研究首次针对SOC相关宣传的影响展开实证检验，在阿尔巴尼亚开展了全国代表性抽样调查实验。实验设置了两类贴合现实反SOC宣传惯例的宣传文本：第一类侧重阐释SOC造成的危害；第二类则更为积极，着重强调社会大众普遍反对SOC，而社会规范研究表明，此类主题往往具备宣传有效性。 研究结果显示，第一类宣传确实适得其反：不仅削弱了公众对执法部门的信任，还推动了民众对民粹主义观点的支持；第二类宣传则意外地同样助推了民粹主义情绪，且未对公众的执法信任态度产生任何积极影响。 这意味着，即便针对社会公害推出积极宣传，也存在引发非预期负面效应的风险。