Baseline and clinical characteristics of the Parkinson’s disease patients (n = 157).

SD: standard deviation; IQR: interquartile range; PIGD: postural-instability-gait-difficulty; FOSS: freezing-speech-swallowing 1 Score A is the sum of UPDRS-Part III items concerning facial expression, tremor, rigidity, and Bradykinesia which are considered relatively L-dopa responsive 2 Score B is the sum of UPDRS-Part III items concerning speech and axial impairment (arising from chair, posture, postural stability, gait) which are considered relatively L-dopa non-responsive. Baseline and clinical characteristics of the Parkinson’s disease patients (n = 157).