LamaH-CE in RDF: Large-Sample Hydrology Dataset for Central Europe as a Knowledge Graph

This dataset presents an RDF (Turtle syntax) version of the LamaH-CE (LArge-sample DAta for Hydrology and Environmental Sciences for Central Europe) dataset, converted from CSV files using the open-source HydroTurtle tool (https://github.com/shamilasudalshana/NFDI4Earth-HydroTurtle). The purpose of this conversion is to enhance the interoperability, reusability, and FAIRness of hydrometeorological data, in line with the principles of the Semantic Web and Linked Open Data. The dataset covers the period 1981–2019 and includes data for all 859 gauging stations from the original LamaH-CE dataset. Attributes span multiple domains including climate, hydrology, topography, land use, and anthropogenic influence. Some attribute categories are pending inclusion and will be added in future updates. The RDF data modeling is based on a combination of established ontologies, including: SOSA/SSN (Sensor, Observation, Sample, and Actuator) QUDT (Quantities, Units, Dimensions, and Data Types) GeoSPARQL (for spatial data) Dublin Core, Schema.org, and SKOS (for metadata and classification) EnvThes (for environmental terminology) HM-Ontology – a custom ontology developed as part of this project, to cover hydrological and meteorological concepts not addressed by existing vocabularies. URIs are assigned to individual catchments, variables, and observations, enabling integration with other Linked Data sources and facilitating semantic queries. The RDF output is organized per catchment as multiple Turtle (.ttl) files. When loaded into a triple store, these can be unified into a single graph for querying and reasoning. This conversion was developed as part of the NFDI4Earth inititative. The dataset is licensed under CC-BY 4.0. This dataset is intended to support researchers and developers working on hydrology, environmental data integration, knowledge graphs, and natural language question answering over Linked Data.