INDEPTH Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health 2007 - Ghana

Abstract
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Purpose:
The multi-country Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) is run by the World Health Organization's Multi-Country Studies unit in the Innovation, Information, Evidence and Research Cluster. SAGE is part of the unit's Longitudinal Study Programme which is compiling longitudinal data on the health and well-being of adult populations, and the ageing process, through primary data collection and secondary data analysis. INDEPTH SAGE Wave 1 (2006/7) provides data on the health and well-being of adults in: Ghana, India and South Africa.
Objectives:
To obtain reliable, valid and comparable health, health-related and well-being data over a range of key domains for adult and older adult populations in nationally representative samples
To examine patterns and dynamics of age-related changes in health and well-being using longitudinal follow-up of a cohort as they age, and to investigate socio-economic consequences of these health changes
To supplement and cross-validate self-reported measures of health and the anchoring vignette approach to improving comparability of self-reported measures, through measured performance tests for selected health domains
To collect health examination and biomarker data that improves reliability of morbidity and risk factor data and to objectively monitor the effect of interventions

Additional Objectives:
To generate large cohorts of older adult populations and comparison cohorts of younger populations for following-up intermediate outcomes, monitoring trends, examining transitions and life events, and addressing relationships between determinants and health, well-being and health-related outcomes
To develop a mechanism to link survey data to demographic surveillance site data
To build linkages with other national and multi-country ageing studies
To improve the methodologies to enhance the reliability and validity of health outcomes and determinants data
To provide a public-access information base to engage all stakeholders, including national policy makers and health systems planners, in planning and decision-making processes about the health and well-being of older adults

Methods:
INDEPTH SAGE's first full round of data collection included persons aged 50 years and older in the health and demographic surveillance sites. All persons aged 50+ years (for example, spouses and siblings) were invited to participate. Standardized SAGE survey instruments were used in all countries consisting of two main parts: 1) household questionnaire; 2) individual questionnaire. The procedures for including country-specific adaptations to the standardized questionnaire and translations into local languages from English follow those developed by and used for the World Health Survey.

Content

Household questionnaire
0000 Coversheet
0100 Sampling Information
0200 Geocoding and GPS Information
0300 Recontact Information
0350 Contact Record
0400 Household Roster
0450 Kish Tables and Household Consent
0500 Housing
0600 Household and Family Support Networks and Transfers
0700 Assets and Household Income
0800 Household Expenditures
0900 Interviewer Observations

Individual questionnaire
1000 Socio-Demographic Characteristics
1500 Work History and Benefits
2000 Health State Descriptions and Vignettes
2500 Anthropometrics, Performance Tests and Biomarkers
3000 Risk Factors and Preventive Health Behaviours
4000 Chronic Conditions and Health Services Coverage
5000 Health Care Utilization
6000 Social Cohesion
7000 Subjective Well-Being and Quality of Life (WHOQoL-8 and Day Reconstruction Method)
8000 Impact of Caregiving
9000 Interviewer Assessment

Geographic coverage
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Kassena-Nankana District of the Upper East region of Ghana.

Analysis unit
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households and individuals

Universe
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Navrongo Health and Demographic Surveillance Site fifty plus population

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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Single random sample of individuals 50+ years. Sampling frame obtained from demographic surveillance database. No replacement of individuals not met, not found or for refusals.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f], PAPI

Research instrument
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The questionnaires were based on the WHS Model Questionnaire with some modification and many new additions. A household questionnaire was administered to all households eligible for the study. An Individual questionnaire was administered to eligible respondents identified from the household roster. The questionnaires were developed in English and were piloted as part of the SAGE pretest. All documents were translated into XX. All INDEPTH SAGE generic questionnaires are available as external resources.

Cleaning operations
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Data editing took place at a number of stages including:
(1) office editing and coding
(2) during data entry
(3) structural checking of the CSPro files
(4) range and consistency secondary edits in Stata

Response rate
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A total of 900 were sampled. 593 successful respondents in data set. Response rate (593/900) is 65.9%

摘要
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目的:
世界卫生组织创新、信息、证据与研究集群的多国研究单位负责实施全球老龄化与成人健康（SAGE）多国研究。SAGE是该单位纵向研究计划的一部分，旨在通过原始数据收集和次级数据分析，收集成人群体和老龄化过程中的健康与福祉的纵向数据。INDEPTH SAGE第1波（2006/7）提供了加纳、印度和南非成人健康与福祉的数据。
目标:
从全国代表性样本中，获取可靠、有效且可比的健康、健康相关和福祉数据，覆盖成人及老年成人群体在多个关键领域的健康和福祉。
通过纵向跟踪调查一个队列随着年龄的增长而出现的健康和福祉的变化模式与动态，并调查这些健康变化的社经后果。
通过针对选定健康领域的测量表现测试，补充和交叉验证自报健康测量和情景描述方法，以改善自报测量的可比性。
收集健康检查和生物标志物数据，提高疾病和风险因素数据的可靠性，并客观监测干预措施的效果。
附加目标:
生成大量老年成人群体和年轻人群的比较队列，以追踪中间结果、监测趋势、检查过渡和生命事件，以及处理决定因素与健康、福祉和健康相关结果之间的关系。
建立机制，将调查数据与人口监测站点数据联系起来。
与其他国家和多国老龄化研究建立联系。
改进提高健康结果和决定因素数据可靠性和有效性的方法。
提供公共访问的信息库，以参与所有利益相关者，包括国家政策制定者和卫生系统规划者，在关于老年成人健康与福祉的计划和决策过程中。
方法:
INDEPTH SAGE的第一轮全面数据收集包括了50岁及以上的人群，在健康和人口监测站点。所有50岁及以上的人（例如，配偶和兄弟姐妹）都被邀请参加。所有国家都使用了标准化的SAGE调查工具，包括两个主要部分：1）家庭问卷；2）个人问卷。包括对标准化问卷的特定国家适应性调整和从英语翻译成当地语言的程序，遵循由世界卫生调查开发和使用的程序。
内容
家庭问卷
0000 封面
0100 样本信息
0200 地理编码和GPS信息
0300 重新联系信息
0350 联系记录
0400 家庭名单
0450 Kish表格和家庭同意
0500 住房
0600 家庭和家庭支持网络及转移
0700 资产和家庭收入
0800 家庭支出
0900 访谈员观察
个人问卷
1000 社会人口特征
1500 工作历史和福利
2000 健康状态描述和情景
2500 人体测量学、表现测试和生物标志物
3000 风险因素和预防性健康行为
4000 慢性疾病和医疗服务覆盖率
5000 医疗保健利用
6000 社会凝聚力
7000 主观福祉和生活质量（WHOQoL-8和日重构法）
8000 护理影响
9000 访谈员评估
地理覆盖范围
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加纳Upper East地区的Kassena-Nankana区。
分析单位
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家庭和个人
总体
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Navrongo健康和人口监测站点的50岁及以上人群
数据类型
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样本调查数据[ssd]
抽样程序
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50岁及以上个人的单随机样本。抽样框架从人口监测数据库中获得。未对未遇到、未找到或拒绝的个人进行替换。
数据收集方式
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面对面[f2f]，PAPI
研究工具
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问卷基于WHS模型问卷进行了一些修改和大量新增内容。对符合研究条件的所有家庭进行了家庭问卷的发放。对从家庭名单中确定的符合条件受访者进行了个人问卷的发放。问卷用英语开发，并在SAGE预测试中进行了试点。所有文件都翻译成了XX。所有INDEPTH SAGE通用问卷均作为外部资源提供。
数据清理操作
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数据编辑发生在多个阶段，包括：（1）办公室编辑和编码；（2）数据录入期间；（3）对CSPro文件的结构性检查；（4）在Stata中进行范围和一致性次级编辑。
响应率
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总共抽样900人。数据集中有593名成功受访者。响应率（593/900）为65.9%。