TABLE 2 in COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF THE INSECT TRACHEAL SYSTEM PART 1: INTRODUCTION, APTERYGOTES, PALEOPTERA, POLYNEOPTERA

TABLE 2 Spiracle Types Spiracular opening and closing mechanisms for various orders (where known). || denotes musculature for opening and closing; O indicates always open. Question marks indicate uncertainty in results from the referenced study.
GroupRepresentativeT2T3A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8ReferencesZygentomaTricholepidion????Malpighi, 1669EphemeropteraO?O?Swammerdam, 1737DermapteraForficula||||||?||?||?||?||?||?||?||?PlecopteraPteronarcys spp., Taniopteryx spp.||?||?||?||?||?||?||?||?||?||?Nelson and Hanson, 1968OrthopteraNeduba spp.||||||||||||||||||||Snodgrass, 1935GrylloblattodeaGalloidiana yuasai, Grylloblatta spp.||||O?O?O?O?O?O?O?O?Fujita and Machida, 2017MantophasmatodeaMantophasma spp., Austrophasma caledonensis||||||||||||||||||||Klass et al., 2002; Wipfler et al., 2015EmbiopteraO?O?PhasmatodeaTimema spp., Diapheroma femorata||||||?||?||?||?||?||?||?||?Tilgner et al., 2008MantodeaMantis religiosa||||||?||?||?||?||?||?||?||?Brannoch et al., 2017BlattodeaBlatta spp.||||||||||||||||||||Snodgrass, 1935IsopteraZootermopsis spp., Hodotermes mossambicus||||||||||||||||||||Inder and Duncan, 2015