Thermal Management and Krypton Performance of the H10 High Power Density Hall Thruster

Recent literature has shown a variety of benefits towards Hall thrusters operating at higher thrust and power density, including more efficient ionization with alternate propellants, higher specific impulse capability, higher power throttling ranges, and smaller form factors. These benefits have largely remained untapped due to concerns with thruster lifetime and thruster thermal design exceeding material thermal limits, and so thrusters have been limited in their power density. The H10 Hall thruster was developed at JPL to operate at much higher power densities to realize these benefits, which was achieved by leveraging several of the latest developments in Hall thruster technology and a novel internal geometry. This has resulted in a Hall thruster that operates at 3x the power density of state of the art Hall thrusters, a power throttling ratio of 100:1, and demonstrated specific impulse capability up to 3,400 s. Thermal steady state and performance data is shown for high power operation on xenon, as well as performance on krypton, where temperatures are typically higher than that of xenon. Total efficiency on xenon reached as high as 76% for high voltages, while total efficiency for krypton appeared to peak at high current and low voltage (400 V, 25 A) for the same discharge power to a value of 64%. Several notable oscillation modes were observed to have temperature dependence during these steady-state operations, which are shown with some discussion. To achieve even higher power density, work towards integrating oscillating heat pipes by additively manufacturing them into the magnetic circuit is presented, with preliminary results, where thermal conductivity over 1000 W/mK was measured.现有研究表明，针对更高推力与功率密度工况运行的霍尔推力器（Hall thruster），具备诸多显著优势：包括采用替代推进剂可实现更高效的电离过程、拥有更高的比冲（specific impulse）性能、具备更宽的功率调节范围，以及更为紧凑的外形尺寸。但受限于推力器寿命顾虑，以及热设计方案超出材料热耐受极限的问题，上述优势长期未能得到充分开发，霍尔推力器的功率密度始终难以突破现有瓶颈。由美国喷气推进实验室（Jet Propulsion Laboratory，JPL）研发的H10型霍尔推力器，旨在突破功率密度上限以实现上述优势，其研发依托了霍尔推力器领域的多项最新技术进展与全新内部几何结构设计。该推力器的功率密度可达当前顶尖霍尔推力器的3倍，功率调节比达100:1，比冲性能最高可达3400秒。本数据集包含氙气（xenon）作为推进剂时高功率工况下的热稳态与性能数据，以及氪气（krypton）作为推进剂时的性能数据；相较于氙气工况，氪气工况下的系统温度普遍更高。氙气工况下，高电压时的总效率最高可达76%；而氪气工况下，在相同放电功率条件下，总效率在高电流、低电压（400V、25A）工况下达到峰值，为64%。在稳态运行过程中，研究人员观测到多种显著的振荡模式均存在温度依赖性，本数据集将对这些现象进行展示与简要讨论。为进一步提升功率密度，本数据集还介绍了通过增材制造（additively manufacturing）将振荡热管（oscillating heat pipes）集成至磁路的相关研究，并给出了初步测试结果：实测其导热系数超过1000 W/(m·K)

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集总结了H10高功率密度霍尔推进器在热管理和氪气性能方面的研究，展示了其通过创新设计实现比现有先进霍尔推进器高3倍的功率密度、100:1的功率调节比以及高达3400秒的比冲能力。数据集提供了氙气和氪气推进剂下的热稳态与性能数据，其中氙气在高压下总效率达76%，氪气在特定条件下峰值效率为64%，并探讨了温度相关振荡模式及集成振荡热管以进一步提升功率密度的初步成果。