Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution Station

The Cape Grim program, established by the Australian Government to monitor and study global atmospheric composition, is a joint responsibility of the Bureau of Meteorology and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). The Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution Station began taking samples of the atmosphere over twenty years ago. Since the first sampling began in April 1976, there have been more that 3 billion measurements taken. Among these are measurements of green house gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide as well as chemicals which deplete the ozone layer. Since the station first began in 1976, a 10% increase in carbon dioxide (one of the main greenhouse gases) has been measured. In addition long term records of aerosol particulates, radon and solar radiation have been obtained. As well as monitoring a wide range of atmospheric trace gases, Cape Grim measures concentrations of natural and anthropogenic particles, and meteorological parameters including wind speed and direction, rainfall, temperature, humidity and air pressure. Sophisticated measurements of solar radiation, including harmful UV-B radiation, are also carried out.

由澳大利亚政府设立，用于监测与研究全球大气组成的凯普格里姆（Cape Grim）项目，由澳大利亚气象局（Bureau of Meteorology）与联邦科学与工业研究组织（Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation，简称CSIRO）共同负责。凯普格里姆基线空气污染站自二十余年前起便启动大气样本采集工作，自1976年4月首次采样以来，该站点已累计完成逾30亿次观测测量。观测内容涵盖二氧化碳、甲烷、一氧化二氮等温室气体，以及消耗臭氧层的化学物质。自1976年站点投用以来，作为主要温室气体之一的二氧化碳浓度已被观测到上升10%。此外，站点还积累了气溶胶颗粒物、氡气与太阳辐射的长期观测记录。除对多种大气痕量气体开展监测外，凯普格里姆站点还会测定天然与人为源颗粒物的浓度，并记录风速、风向、降雨量、气温、湿度与气压等气象参数。同时，站点还会开展高精度太阳辐射观测，其中包括对有害紫外线-B（UV-B）辐射的监测。