Data from: Genome-wide scans detect adaptation to aridity in a widespread forest tree species.

Patterns of adaptive variation within plant species are best studied through common garden experiments, but these are costly and time-consuming, especially for trees that have long generation times. We explored whether genome-wide scanning technology combined with outlier marker detection could be used to detect adaptation to climate and provide an alternative to common garden experiments. As a case study, we sampled nine provenances of the widespread forest tree species, Eucalyptus tricarpa, across an aridity gradient in southeastern Australia. Using a Bayesian analysis we identified a suite of 94 putatively adaptive (outlying) sequence-tagged markers across the genome. Population-level allele frequencies of these outlier markers were strongly correlated with temperature and moisture availability at the site of origin, and with population differences in functional traits measured in two common gardens. Using the output from a canonical analysis of principal coordinates we devised a metric that provides a holistic measure of genomic adaptation to aridity that could be used to guide assisted migration or genetic augmentation.植物物种内适应性变异的最优研究途径为同质园实验（common garden experiments），但此类实验成本高昂且耗时漫长，对于世代周期较长的树木而言尤为如此。本研究探讨了将全基因组扫描技术（genome-wide scanning technology）与离群标记检测（outlier marker detection）相结合，能否用于检测物种对气候的适应性，并以此作为同质园实验的替代方案。作为案例研究，我们在澳大利亚东南部的干旱梯度样带中，采集了广布林木物种三花桉（Eucalyptus tricarpa）的9个种源材料。通过贝叶斯分析（Bayesian analysis），我们在全基因组范围内鉴定出94个潜在适应性离群序列标签标记（sequence-tagged markers）。这些离群标记的种群水平等位基因频率，与其起源地的温度、水分可获得性，以及在两个同质园实验中测得的种群功能性状差异均呈显著相关。基于主坐标典范分析（canonical analysis of principal coordinates）的输出结果，我们构建了一项可全面衡量基因组对干旱适应性的量化指标，该指标可用于指导辅助迁移或遗传强化工作。