Figure_5.jpg

A) Gene expression modulation (fold change of control) of odontogenic markers (ALPL and DSPP) and cytokines (TNF, IL1B, and IL8) by human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) cultured with LPS concentrations (0 - control, 0.1, 1, and 10 µg/mL) on day 7. Columns are means and error bars are standard deviations (n=6). Distinct letters indicate that groups are statistically different (one-way ANOVA/Tukey or Welch’s one-way ANOVA/Games-Howell, α=5%). B) Reactive nitrogen species (nitrite, fold increase of control) production by human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) cultured with LPS concentrations (0 - control, 0.1, 1, and 10 µg/mL) on day 7. Distinct letters are statistically different (Welch’s one-way ANOVA/Games-Howell, α=5%). C) Reactive oxygen species (oxidative stress, fold increase of control) production by human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) cultured with LPS concentrations (0 - control, 0.1, 1, and 10 µg/mL) on day 7. Distinct letters are statistically different (one-way ANOVA/Tukey, α=5%). On the right, there are representative images (10×) of intracellular oxidative stress (green fluorescence – Carboxy-H2DCFDA probe) in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) cultured with LPS concentrations (0 - control, 0,1, 1, and 10 µg/mL) on day 7. In the bottom row of the images, the same green fluorescence images (with higher brightness and contrast) merge with the bright field, showing cell confluency.