juliensimon/mcgill-magnetar-catalog

---
license: cc-by-4.0
pretty_name: "McGill Online Magnetar Catalog"
language:
- en
description: "All known magnetars (neutron stars with extreme magnetic fields) from the McGill Online Magnetar Catalog. Includes spin parameters, magnetic field strengths, X-ray properties, and associations."
task_categories:
- tabular-classification
- tabular-regression
tags:
- space
- magnetars
- neutron-stars
- x-ray
- astronomy
- open-data
- tabular-data
size_categories:
- n<1K
configs:
- config_name: default
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/mcgill_magnetar_catalog.parquet
default: true
---

# McGill Online Magnetar Catalog

*Part of the [Astronomy Datasets](https://huggingface.co/collections/juliensimon/astronomy-datasets-67ac2ada12aceb39f8feca3b) collection on Hugging Face.*

All **31** known magnetars — neutron stars with extreme magnetic fields (10¹³-10¹⁵ G) — from the
[McGill Online Magnetar Catalog](http://www.physics.mcgill.ca/~pulsar/magnetar/main.html).
Currently **24** confirmed and **7** candidates (13 SGRs, 18 AXPs).

## Dataset description

Magnetars are isolated neutron stars powered by the decay of their ultra-strong magnetic fields,
rather than by rotation (like normal pulsars) or accretion. They manifest as Soft Gamma Repeaters
(SGRs) and Anomalous X-ray Pulsars (AXPs), producing dramatic bursts and flares in X-rays and
gamma-rays.

This dataset contains the persistent (quiescent) properties of every known magnetar, including
spin period, period derivative, inferred dipolar magnetic field strength, characteristic age,
X-ray flux and luminosity, spectral parameters, distance, and SNR/cluster associations.

## Schema

| Column | Type | Description |
|--------|------|-------------|
| `name` | string | Source name (e.g. "SGR 1806-20", "1E 2259+586") |
| `type` | string | Classification: SGR or AXP |
| `is_candidate` | bool | True if unconfirmed magnetar candidate |
| `ra_hms` / `dec_dms` | string | Position in sexagesimal coordinates |
| `ra_deg` / `dec_deg` | float64 | Position in decimal degrees (J2000) |
| `ra_err_arcsec` / `dec_err_arcsec` | float64 | Position uncertainty (arcsec) |
| `period_s` | float64 | Spin period (seconds) |
| `period_err_s` | float64 | Period uncertainty |
| `period_derivative` | float64 | Spin-down rate (s/s) |
| `period_derivative_err` | float64 | Period derivative uncertainty |
| `magnetic_field_g` | float64 | Dipolar magnetic field strength (Gauss) |
| `spin_down_luminosity_erg_s` | float64 | Spin-down luminosity (erg/s) |
| `characteristic_age_yr` | float64 | Characteristic age P/(2 P-dot) (years) |
| `column_density_cm2` | float64 | Hydrogen column density N_H (cm⁻²) |
| `photon_index` | float64 | Power-law photon index |
| `blackbody_kt_kev` | float64 | Blackbody temperature kT (keV) |
| `xray_flux_erg_cm2_s` | float64 | Unabsorbed 2-10 keV X-ray flux (erg/cm²/s) |
| `distance_kpc` | float64 | Distance (kpc) |
| `xray_luminosity_erg_s` | float64 | X-ray luminosity (erg/s) |
| `association` | string | Associated SNR or star cluster |
| `optical_ir_counterpart` | string | Optical/IR counterpart detected? |
| `observed_bands` | string | Bands with detections (H=hard X, X=soft X, O=optical, I=IR, R=radio, G=gamma) |
| `activity_flags` | string | Activity type codes (B=bursts, G=giant flare, F=flare, T=transient, A=anti-glitch) |
| `*_is_limit` | bool | True when corresponding value is an upper or lower limit |

## Quick stats

- **31** magnetars (24 confirmed, 7 candidates)
- **13** Soft Gamma Repeaters, **18** Anomalous X-ray Pulsars
- **26** with measured spin periods (0.33--11.8 s)
- **25** with inferred magnetic fields (6.10e+12--1.96e+15 G)
- **20** associated with supernova remnants or star clusters

## Usage

```python
from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/mcgill-magnetar-catalog", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()

# Confirmed magnetars only
confirmed = df[~df["is_candidate"]]

# Strongest magnetic fields
strongest = confirmed.sort_values("magnetic_field_g", ascending=False).head(5)

# SGRs vs AXPs
sgrs = df[df["type"] == "SGR"]
axps = df[df["type"] == "AXP"]

# Magnetars associated with supernova remnants
with_snr = df[df["association"].notna() & (df["association"] != "")]
```

## Data source

[McGill Online Magnetar Catalog](http://www.physics.mcgill.ca/~pulsar/magnetar/main.html),
maintained by the McGill Pulsar Group. Please cite
[Olausen & Kaspi (2014), ApJS 212, 6](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ApJS..212....6O)
and refer to the catalog URL when using this data.

## Related datasets

- [pulsars](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/pulsars) — ATNF Pulsar Catalogue (3,400+ pulsars)
- [gamma-ray-bursts](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/gamma-ray-bursts) — HEASARC GRB catalog
- [fermi-4fgl](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/fermi-4fgl) — Fermi LAT 4FGL source catalog

## Pipeline

Source code: [juliensimon/space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets)

## Citation

```bibtex
@dataset{mcgill_magnetar_catalog,
author = {Simon, Julien},
title = {McGill Online Magnetar Catalog},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Hugging Face},
url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/mcgill-magnetar-catalog},
note = {Based on the McGill Online Magnetar Catalog (Olausen \& Kaspi 2014, ApJS 212, 6)}
}
```

## License

[CC-BY-4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

---
license: CC-BY-4.0
pretty_name: "麦吉尔在线磁星目录（McGill Online Magnetar Catalog）"
language:
- en
description: "收录自麦吉尔在线磁星目录的所有已知磁星（拥有极强磁场的中子星），包含自转参数、磁场强度、X射线特性以及关联天体信息。"
task_categories:
- 表格分类
- 表格回归
tags:
- 太空
- 磁星（magnetar）
- 中子星（neutron star）
- X射线
- 天文学
- 开放数据
- 表格数据
size_categories:
- n<1K
configs:
- config_name: default
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/mcgill_magnetar_catalog.parquet
default: true
---

# 麦吉尔在线磁星目录（McGill Online Magnetar Catalog）

*隶属于Hugging Face平台的[Astronomy Datasets](https://huggingface.co/collections/juliensimon/astronomy-datasets-67ac2ada12aceb39f8feca3b)数据集合集。*

本数据集收录自麦吉尔在线磁星目录的全部31颗已知磁星——即拥有极强磁场（10¹³~10¹⁵ G）的中子星。其中包含24颗已确认磁星与7颗候选磁星（13颗软γ射线复现源（Soft Gamma Repeaters, SGRs）、18颗反常X射线脉冲星（Anomalous X-ray Pulsars, AXPs））。

## 数据集说明

磁星是一类孤立的中子星，其能量来源于超强磁场的衰减，而非普通脉冲星那样的自转或吸积过程。磁星表现为软γ射线复现源（SGRs）与反常X射线脉冲星（AXPs）两类，会在X射线与γ射线波段产生剧烈的爆发现象与耀斑。

本数据集收录了所有已知磁星的稳态（静默态）特性，包括自转周期、周期导数、推导出的偶极磁场强度、特征年龄、X射线流量与光度、光谱参数、距离以及与超新星遗迹（Supernova Remnant, SNR）或星团的关联信息。

## 数据结构

| 列名 | 数据类型 | 说明 |
|--------|------|-------------|
| `name` | string | 源名称（例如"SGR 1806-20"、"1E 2259+586"） |
| `type` | string | 分类：SGR 或 AXP |
| `is_candidate` | bool | 若为未确认的磁星候选体则取值为真 |
| `ra_hms` / `dec_dms` | string | 六十进制坐标位置 |
| `ra_deg` / `dec_deg` | float64 | 十进制度坐标位置（J2000历元） |
| `ra_err_arcsec` / `dec_err_arcsec` | float64 | 位置不确定度（单位：角秒） |
| `period_s` | float64 | 自转周期（单位：秒） |
| `period_err_s` | float64 | 周期不确定度 |
| `period_derivative` | float64 | 自转减慢速率（单位：s/s） |
| `period_derivative_err` | float64 | 周期导数不确定度 |
| `magnetic_field_g` | float64 | 偶极磁场强度（单位：高斯） |
| `spin_down_luminosity_erg_s` | float64 | 自转减慢光度（单位：erg/s） |
| `characteristic_age_yr` | float64 | 特征年龄 P/(2 P-dot)（单位：年） |
| `column_density_cm2` | float64 | 氢柱密度N_H（单位：cm⁻²） |
| `photon_index` | float64 | 幂律光子指数 |
| `blackbody_kt_kev` | float64 | 黑体温度kT（单位：keV） |
| `xray_flux_erg_cm2_s` | float64 | 未吸收的2-10 keV X射线流量（单位：erg/cm²/s） |
| `distance_kpc` | float64 | 距离（单位：千秒差距，kpc） |
| `xray_luminosity_erg_s` | float64 | X射线光度（单位：erg/s） |
| `association` | string | 关联的超新星遗迹或星团 |
| `optical_ir_counterpart` | string | 是否探测到光学/红外对应体 |
| `observed_bands` | string | 探测波段（H=硬X射线，X=软X射线，O=光学，I=红外，R=射电，G=γ射线） |
| `activity_flags` | string | 活动类型代码（B=爆发，G=巨耀斑，F=耀斑，T=暂现源，A=反自转突变） |
| `*_is_limit` | bool | 当对应取值为上下限时取值为真 |

## 快速统计数据

- **31** 颗磁星（24颗已确认，7颗候选）
- **13** 颗软γ射线复现源，**18** 颗反常X射线脉冲星
- **26** 颗拥有实测自转周期（范围0.33~11.8 s）
- **25** 颗拥有推导出的磁场强度（范围6.10×10¹²~1.96×10¹⁵ G）
- **20** 颗与超新星遗迹或星团存在关联

## 使用示例

python
from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/mcgill-magnetar-catalog", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()

# 仅筛选已确认磁星
confirmed = df[~df["is_candidate"]]

# 筛选磁场最强的前5颗磁星
strongest = confirmed.sort_values("magnetic_field_g", ascending=False).head(5)

# 分别筛选软γ射线复现源与反常X射线脉冲星
sgrs = df[df["type"] == "SGR"]
axps = df[df["type"] == "AXP"]

# 筛选与超新星遗迹存在关联的磁星
with_snr = df[df["association"].notna() & (df["association"] != "")]

## 数据来源

[麦吉尔在线磁星目录](http://www.physics.mcgill.ca/~pulsar/magnetar/main.html)由麦吉尔脉冲星研究组维护。使用本数据时，请引用[Olausen & Kaspi (2014), ApJS 212, 6](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ApJS..212....6O)并标注该目录的官方链接。

## 相关数据集

- [pulsars](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/pulsars)：ATNF脉冲星目录（收录3400余颗脉冲星）
- [gamma-ray-bursts](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/gamma-ray-bursts)：HEASARC伽马射线暴（GRB）目录
- [fermi-4fgl](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/fermi-4fgl)：费米LAT 4FGL源目录

## 数据处理流程

源代码托管于：[juliensimon/space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets)

## 引用信息

bibtex
@dataset{mcgill_magnetar_catalog,
author = {Simon, Julien},
title = {McGill Online Magnetar Catalog},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Hugging Face},
url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/mcgill-magnetar-catalog},
note = {Based on the McGill Online Magnetar Catalog (Olausen & Kaspi 2014, ApJS 212, 6)}
}

## 许可证

[CC-BY-4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)