Data from: Musculoskeletal pain as a marker of health quality. Findings from the epidemiological sleep study among the adult population of São Paulo city

Background: We are witnessing the growth of urban populations, particularly in the developing world. São Paulo, the largest city in South America, continues to grow, and this growth is dramatically effecting the environment and human health. The aim of this study was to estimate the point prevalence of chronic pain in São Paulo city dwellers and to explore the influence of aspects related to urbanicity. Methods: A two-stage cluster randomized sample included 1100 individuals of the city of Sao Paulo, representing the population proportionally in terms of gender, age and social classes in 2007. For this observational cross-sectional study, the household sample was interviewed using validated questionnaires for sociodemographic aspects, the Beck inventories for anxiety and depression, the WHOQoL-REF for quality of life, the Chalder Fatigue Scale. Musculoskeletal pain was defined as diffuse pain or pain located in the back, joints or limbs. Data regarding sleep complaints and polysomnography were obtained from the Epidemiologic Sleep Study conducted in São Paulo city in 2007. Results: The prevalence estimate of chronic musculoskeletal pain was approximately 27%, with a female/male ratio of approximately 2.6/1. The predictors were being in the age-range of 30–39 years, low socioeconomic and schooling levels, obesity, sedentarism, fatigue, non-restorative sleep, daytime sleepiness, poor sleep quality, poor life quality, anxiety and depression symptoms. Psychological wellbeing was the main discriminator between responders with chronic musculoskeletal pain and the controls, followed by depression for the participants with poor psychological wellbeing, and fatigue, for the remaining ones. Insomnia syndrome was the third-level discriminator for those with fatigue, whereas sleep quality for those without fatigue. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal pain was frequently reported by São Paulo city dwellers and its correlates with psychological and sleep aspects are suggestive of a response to urbanicity. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00596713背景：当前全球城市人口持续增长，在发展中地区尤为显著。作为南美洲第一大城市，圣保罗市仍处于扩张进程中，这一城市化进程正深刻影响着当地生态环境与人类健康。本研究旨在评估圣保罗市居民慢性疼痛的时点患病率，并探讨与城市化特征相关因素的影响作用。 方法：本研究于2007年采用两阶段整群随机抽样方法，纳入圣保罗市1100名研究对象，抽样比例严格匹配当地人口的性别、年龄与社会阶层分布。本项观察性横断面研究通过以下工具完成入户访谈：经效度验证的社会人口学问卷、用于评估焦虑与抑郁的贝克量表（Beck Inventories）、用于测量生活质量的WHOQoL-REF量表，以及查尔达疲劳量表（Chalder Fatigue Scale）。本研究将肌肉骨骼疼痛定义为弥漫性疼痛，或位于背部、关节或四肢的局限性疼痛。睡眠相关主诉与多导睡眠图（polysomnography）数据来源于2007年圣保罗市流行病学睡眠研究项目。 结果：圣保罗市居民慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛的时点患病率约为27%，女性与男性患病比例约为2.6:1。慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛的预测因素包括：年龄处于30~39岁区间、社会经济地位与受教育水平较低、肥胖、久坐不动、疲劳感、睡眠无恢复感、日间嗜睡、睡眠质量不佳、生活质量低下，以及焦虑与抑郁症状。心理幸福感是区分慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛患者与对照人群的首要指标；对于心理幸福感较差的受试者，抑郁症状为第二区分因素，而对于其余受试者则为疲劳感。对于存在疲劳感的人群，失眠综合征为第三层区分指标；而对于无疲劳感的人群，则以睡眠质量作为第三层区分指标。 结论：圣保罗市居民肌肉骨骼疼痛的报告率较高，其与心理及睡眠相关因素的关联，提示该症状与城市化进程存在相关性。 试验注册：ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00596713