Characteristics of studies included in review.

Legend.Studies are listed by year (y) of publication, in decreasing order.Abbreviations: US = United States; NL = The Netherlands; UK = United Kingdom; ZA = South Africa; RU = Russia; RCT = Randomised Controlled Trial; cRCT = cluster Randomised Controlled Trial; FUP = follow-up; m = months; SD = standard deviation; nr = not reported; Phys.: physicians; PHD = Public health department; PC = Primary Care; ART = Antiretroviral Therapy; DM (2) = Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2); CVD = Cardiovascular Disease; BPLT = Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment; NP = nurse practitioner; NP+ = nurse practitioner with higher degree/course; RN = registered nurse; LN = licensed nurse; y = yes; n = no; FCA = full clinical autonomy; GDL = interventions based on clinical guidelines or protocols; 1stC. = 1st contact; UV = urgent visits; OC = on-going care; n (C, n) = number of consultations; BP = blood pressure; TC = total cholesterol; GH = glycosylated haemoglobin; ART = antiretroviral therapy; CD4 = t-cell surface glycoprotein CD4; HDL = high density lipoprotein; LDL = low density lipoprotein; PD20 = provocative dose of methacholine causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1); FENO = fraction of exhaled nitric oxide.* start and end year when studies were conducted.†drawn from nine randomly chosen health authority areas.‡paediatricians.§general physicians.¶63 were for the control group.** 9 were physicians and 19 were supervisors; intervention delivered following clinical protocols.††2 were nurse practitioners and 8 were (licensed) nurses.‡‡phase I follow-up: 6–12 months; phase II follow-up: 24 months.