Formulation development and evaluation of glucosamine hydrochloride foaming solution for transdermal delivery

Glucosamine hydrochloride (GS HCl) is an aminomonosaccharide and classified as symptoms-modifying drug in osteoarthritis. This study focused on development of glucosamine foam preparation. The effect of component of foam formulation on the permeation across the pig ear skin in vitro were elucidated using Franz-diffusion cell at 32⁰C for 24 hours and stability of GS HCl foam formulation were determined quanlitatively using validated HPLC method by pre-column derivetization with phenylisothiocyanate (PITC). The percent cumulative amount of permeated drug after 6 hours and the permeability constant (kp) up to 6 hours of various components of formulation was calculated. The potential of enhancing permeability of the surfactant studied can be ranked as the following, Desyl glucoside (cumulative amount of permeated drug 18.05%, kp = 2.20x10-6 cm/s), Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside (cumulative amount of permeated drug 11.55%, kp = 1.46x10-6 cm/s) and Tween 80 (cumulative amount of permeated drug 10.67%, kp = 1.26x10-6 cm/s). And GS HCl foam containing desyl glucoside was the highest GS HCl permeation which more than solution (cumulative amount of permeated drug 28.05%, kp = 3.10x10-6 cm/s). The formulation with various surfactants prepared from tartrate buffer at pH 3 and sodium metabisulfite as antioxidant and storage at 5⁰C better stability than others. The presence of small quantity of ethanol in preparations could enhance the drug permeability. The results indicate that there is a possibility to develop a GS HCl transdermal dosage forms.