Data from: Molecular and morphological phylogenetic analysis of an insular radiation in Pacific black flies (Simulium)

Ecological adaptation within islands may have figured prominently in the insular radiation of black flies (subgenus Inseliellum) in the Society Islands, French Polynesia. To aid in understanding the sequence of ecological shifts in this group, we have constructed a phylogeny using morphology, the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene, and the small ribosomal subunit (12S) gene. The strong influence of COI on the combined analysis tree was evident from its contribution to the partitioned Bremer support (62%). The net effect of including 12S was to reduce overall tree support. Different character sets resolved different portions of the combined analysis tree, with COI resolving recent lineages, 12S resolving basal relationships and morphology supporting the monophyly of taxa possessing reduced larval feeding fans (oviceps group). The Partitionâ Homogeneity and Kashino-Hasegawa tests indicated significant incongruence between morphological and mitochondrial data. The Templeton test revealed that morphology and the combined (COI+12S) mitochondrial data were incongruent. This conflict stems primarily from disagreement over the monophyly of taxa with highly reduced larval feeding fans. Either 1) convergence in a subset of morphological characters, 2) low phylogenetic signal among mitochondrial sequences, or 3) lineage sorting causing the mitochondrial data to track an incorrect evolutionary history, may be responsible.法属波利尼西亚社会群岛中的蚋（Inseliellum亚属）的岛屿辐射演化过程中，岛内生态适应或许发挥了关键作用。为阐明该类群的生态转变序列，我们基于形态学数据、细胞色素氧化酶I（cytochrome oxidase I, COI）基因以及小核糖体亚基（small ribosomal subunit, 12S）基因构建了系统发育树。COI对联合分析树的强影响力可从其对分区Bremer支持度62%的贡献中得以体现。纳入12S基因数据的最终效果是降低了整体系统发育树的支持度。不同特征数据集可解析联合分析树的不同分支：COI基因用于解析近期演化支，12S基因用于解析基部类群关系，而形态学数据则支持具备特化缩小幼虫取食扇的类群（oviceps组）为单系群。分区同质性检验与卡希诺-长谷川检验结果显示，形态学数据与线粒体数据间存在显著的不一致性。Templeton检验结果表明，形态学数据与联合线粒体数据（COI+12S）之间同样存在不一致性。该冲突主要源于对极度特化缩小幼虫取食扇的类群单系性的判定分歧。可能的成因包括：1）部分形态学特征发生趋同演化；2）线粒体序列中系统发育信号较弱；或3）谱系分选导致线粒体数据追踪到了错误的演化历程。