Text S1 - Niclosamide Is a Proton Carrier and Targets Acidic Endosomes with Broad Antiviral Effects

This file contains supporting figures S1 to S8 and references. Figure S1. Niclosamide is a dose-dependent low micro-molar inhibitor of HRV in HeLa cells. Figure S2. Pre-incubating HRV or CVB3 with niclosamide has no effects on infectivity. Figure S3. Time course of bafilomycin A1 addition to cells infected with HRV1A, 2, 14, 16 and the less pH dependent CVB4, and the pH independent CVB3. Figure S4. No decrease in antiviral efficacy of niclosamide upon HRV1A passage at low drug concentrations. Figure S5. Niclosamide is an early and reversible inhibitor of HRV1A, 2, 14 and 16 infections.Figure S6. Niclosamide affects acidic compartments similar to BafA1 or ammonium chloride but has no effect on the v-ATPase activity in CCV preparations. Figure S7. Co-tracking of antiviral efficacy with endosomal pH neutralization of niclosamide-related compounds. Figure S8. Synergistic inhibition of HRV1A infection by low concentrations of niclosamide and BafA1. (PDF)