Data from: Distribution patterns of microbial communities in ultramafic landscape: a metagenetic approach highlights the strong relationships between diversity and environmental traits

Microbial species richness and assemblages across ultramafic ecosystems were investigated to assess the relationship between their distributional patterns and environmental traits. The structure of microorganism communities in the Koniambo massif, New Caledonia, was investigated using a metagenetic approach correlated with edaphic and floristic factors. Vegetation cover and soil properties significantly shaped the large phylogenetic distribution of operational taxonomic unit within microbial populations, with a mean per habitat of 3.477 (±317) for bacteria and 712 (±43) for fungi. Using variance partitioning, we showed that the effect of aboveground vegetation was the most significant descriptor for both bacterial and fungal communities. The floristic significant predictors explained 43% of the variation for both the bacterial and fungal community structures, while the edaphic significant predictors explained only 32% and 31% of these variations, respectively. These results confirm the previous hypothesis that the distribution of microorganisms was more structured by the vegetation cover rather than the edaphic characteristics and that microbial diversity is not limited in ultramafic ecosystems.本研究针对超镁铁质生态系统（ultramafic ecosystems）中的微生物物种丰富度与群落组成展开调查，旨在解析其分布模式与环境性状之间的关联。本研究以新喀里多尼亚科尼阿姆博地块（Koniambo massif, New Caledonia）的微生物群落结构为研究对象，采用与土壤因子及植物区系因子相关联的宏遗传组学方法（metagenetic approach）开展调查。植被盖度与土壤性状显著塑造了微生物种群内操作分类单元（operational taxonomic unit）的系统发育分布格局；各生境的平均数值为：细菌3.477（±317），真菌712（±43）。通过方差分解（variance partitioning）分析，本研究发现地上植被的影响是解释细菌与真菌群落结构的最关键因素。植物区系相关的显著预测因子可解释细菌与真菌群落结构43%的变异，而土壤相关的显著预测因子仅分别解释了32%与31%的对应变异。本研究结果验证了此前的假说：微生物的分布格局更多由植被盖度而非土壤性状所塑造，且超镁铁质生态系统中的微生物多样性并未受到限制。