Intensive cultivation of the medicinal herb Fritillaria pallidiflora leads to continuous cropping obstacles by altering microbial networks, composition, and functions

Medicinal plants have unique growth requirements, and the intensive management practices required for their production have resulted in severe continuous cropping obstacles. Although microbial diversity and co-occurrence networks are central to ecosystem functionality, how continuous cropping practices influence microbial interactions and soil ecosystem services remains unclear. Therefore, we focused on rhizosphere soils of the medicinal herb Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk grown in both native soils and those with severe continuous cropping obstacles.