Victims of Crime Survey 2014-2015 - South Africa

Abstract
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The Victims of Crime Survey (VCS) is a countrywide household-based survey which collects data on the prevalence of particular kinds of crime within South Africa. The survey includes information on victimisation experienced by individuals and households and their perspectives on community responses to crime. Therefore, VCS data can be used for research in the development of policies and strategies for crime prevention and public safety and education programmes. Statistics South Africa (StatsSA) conducted its first VCS in 1998. Following the VCS 1998, victims surveys were conducted by the Institute for Security Studies (ISS). Since 2011, StatsSA began conducting an annual collection of the VCS as a source of information on crime in South Africa. The main objectives of the survey are to:

• Provide information about the dynamics of crime from the perspective of households and the victims of crime.
• Explore public perceptions of the activities of the police, prosecutors, courts and correctional services in the prevention of crime and victimisation.
• Provide complimentary data on the level of crime within South Africa in addition to the statistics published annually by the South African Police Service.

The VCS 2014/15 is the fourth release in the collection and was used to pilot the possibility of integrating crime statistics from administrative data with those of the new Governance, Public Safety and Justice Survey (GPSJS). StatsSA launched the GPSJS in April 2018 in response to the need for standardised international reporting standards on governance and access to justice that are recommended by the SDGs, ShaSA and Agenda 2063. Therefore, the VCS 2014/15 (and all subsequent releases) can be seen as a complementary dataset to the GPSJS releases.

Geographic coverage
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The survey has national coverage.

Analysis unit
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Households and individuals

Universe
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The target population of the survey consists of all private households in all nine provinces of South Africa, as well as residents in workers’ hostels. The survey does not cover other collective living quarters such as students’ hostels, old-age homes, hospitals, prisons and military barracks. It is only representative of non-institutionalised and non-military persons or households in South Africa.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data

Sampling procedure
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The VCS 2014/15 used a master sample (MS) originally designed for the Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) as a sampling frame. The MS is based on information collected during the 2001 Population Census conducted by Stats SA. The MS has been developed as a general-purpose household survey frame that can be used by all household-based surveys irrespective of the sample size requirement of the survey. The VCS 2014/15 uses an MS of primary sampling units (PSUs) which comprise census enumeration areas (EAs) that are drawn from across the country.

The sample used a stratified two-stage design with probability-proportional-to-size (PPS) sampling of PSUs in the first stage, and sampling of dwelling units (DUs) with systematic sampling in the second stage. The sample was designed to be representative at provincial level. A self-weighting design at provincial level was used and MS stratification was divided into two levels. Primary stratification was defined by metropolitan and non-metropolitan geographic area type. During secondary stratification, the Census 2001 data were summarised at PSU level. The following variables were used for secondary stratification: household size, education, occupancy status, gender, industry and income.

The sample size for the VCS 2014/15 had approximately 30 000 DUs from 3 080 PSUs. In each selected PSU, a systematic sample of dwelling units was drawn. The number of DUs selected per PSU varies from PSU to PSU and depends on the Inverse Sampling Ratios (ISR) of each PSU and the number of dwelling units in that PSU.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The VCS 2014/15 questionnaire was based on the questionnaires used in the International Crime Victim Survey (ICVS) and previous VOCSs conducted by the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) and Statistics SA.

Sections 10 to 20 of the questionnaire relate to household crimes. A proxy respondent (preferably head of the household or acting head of household) answered on behalf of the household. Section 21 to 28 of the questionnaire about crimes on individuals were asked of a household member who was selected using the birthday section method. This methodology selects an individual who is 16 years or older, whose birthday is soonest after the survey date.

Data appraisal
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Comparability:

Prior to 2014/15, VCS respondents were asked about their crime-related experiences in the previous calendar year, but the VCS changed to a Continuous Data Collection (CDC) method. In this data collection method, respondents were interviewed on a rolling basis over the course of a year and asked about crime experienced in the 12 months prior to the interview. As a result of this, the victimisation experiences reported by respondents interviewed in a period of 12 months relate to a broader span of 23 months.

The VCS 2014/15 is comparable to previous and subsequent VCSs in that several questions have remained unchanged over time. Where possible, it was generally indicated in the report.

摘要
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犯罪受害者调查（VCS）是一项全国性的基于家庭的调查，旨在收集南非特定类型犯罪的发生率数据。该调查涵盖了个人和家庭成员遭受的受害情况及其对社区应对犯罪的看法。因此，VCS数据可用于犯罪预防和公共安全及教育项目政策与策略的研究开发。南非统计局（StatsSA）于1998年首次开展了VCS调查。继VCS 1998之后，安全研究学院（ISS）进行了受害者调查。自2011年起，StatsSA开始每年收集VCS数据，作为南非犯罪信息的一个来源。调查的主要目标包括：

• 从家庭和犯罪受害者视角提供关于犯罪动态的信息。
• 探究公众对警察、检察官、法院和矫正服务在预防犯罪和受害者问题上的活动看法。
• 在南非警察服务每年发布的统计数据的基础上，提供关于犯罪水平的补充数据。

VCS 2014/15是该系列第四次发布，用于试点将行政数据中的犯罪统计数据与新的治理、公共安全和司法调查（GPSJS）数据相结合的可能性。StatsSA于2018年4月启动GPSJS，以响应联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）、SHA SA和2063年议程所推荐的标准化国际治理和司法获取报告标准的需求。因此，VCS 2014/15（及其所有后续发布）可以被视为GPSJS发布的补充数据集。

地理覆盖范围
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调查具有全国性覆盖。
分析单位
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家庭和个人
总体
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调查的目标人群包括南非九个省份的所有私人家庭以及工人宿舍的居民。该调查不包括其他集体生活区，如学生宿舍、养老院、医院、监狱和军事营房。它仅代表南非的非机构化和非军事个人或家庭。
数据类型
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样本调查数据
抽样程序
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VCS 2014/15使用了最初为季度劳动力调查（QLFS）设计的母样本（MS）作为抽样框架。该MS基于Stats SA在2001年进行的全国人口普查期间收集的信息。MS已被开发为一个通用家庭调查框架，可以用于所有基于家庭的调查，无论调查的样本量需求如何。VCS 2014/15使用的是一级抽样单位（PSU）的MS，这些PSU包括来自全国各地的普查统计区域（EA）。
样本采用分层两阶段设计，第一阶段采用概率比例大小（PPS）抽样PSU，第二阶段采用系统性抽样抽样住宅单位（DU）。样本设计旨在省级水平上具有代表性。省级水平上使用自加权设计，MS分层分为两个级别。一级分层由城市和非城市地理区域类型定义。在二级分层中，2001年人口普查数据在PSU级别汇总。以下变量用于二级分层：家庭规模、教育、居住状态、性别、行业和收入。
VCS 2014/15的样本量约为30,000个住宅单位，来自3,080个PSU。在每个选定的PSU中，抽取系统性样本的住宅单位。每个PSU选定的DU数量因PSU而异，取决于每个PSU的倒数抽样比（ISR）以及该PSU中的住宅单位数量。
数据收集方式
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面对面[f2f]
研究工具
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VCS 2014/15问卷基于国际犯罪受害者调查（ICVS）中使用的问卷以及安全研究学院（ISS）和南非统计局（Stats SA）之前进行的VOCSs所使用的问卷。
问卷的第10至20节涉及家庭犯罪。由代理受访者（最好是户主或代理户主）代表家庭回答。关于个人的犯罪问题的第21至28节，由使用生日部分方法的选定的家庭成员回答。
此方法论选择了一个16岁或以上、生日在调查日期之后最近的个体。
数据评估
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可比性:
在2014/15年之前，VCS受访者被问及他们在过去日历年中的犯罪相关经历，但VCS改为连续数据收集（CDC）方法。在此数据收集方法中，受访者在过去一年内滚动接受访谈，并被问及在访谈前的12个月内经历的犯罪。因此，在12个月期间接受访谈的受访者报告的受害经历涉及更广泛的23个月时间跨度。
VCS 2014/15与之前和后续的VCS具有可比性，因为一些问题在时间上保持不变。在报告中尽可能指出了这一点。