Observation dataset of meteorological factors in the Arid Desert National Desertification Land Sealed Protection Area from 2018 to 2023

Meteorological factors are the core driving force behind the structure and function of ecosystems in arid regions. In the context of global climate change, rising temperatures, shifting precipitation patterns, and frequent extreme events pose a potential threat to the ecological security of arid regions. Strengthening meteorological monitoring serves as a crucial foundation for sustainable management in arid areas. This dataset encompasses long-term observation data spanning from April 1, 2018, to December 31, 2023, collected from the Arid Desert National Desertification Land Sealed Protection Area located in the northern part of Linze County, Gansu Province. It systematically analyzes the dynamic variations of microclimate elements, as well as soil temperature and humidity, on daily, monthly, and annual scales. Utilizing the HOBO U30 automatic weather station and multi-parameter sensors, we obtained high-resolution data on temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, as well as soil temperature and moisture content in the microhabitats of Nitraria sphaerocarpa, Reaumuria songarica shrubs, and bare land. This dataset unveils the dynamic patterns of microclimate elements in the wind-blown sand grazing prohibition protection area, quantifies the impact of shrub presence and species differences on surface soil temperature and humidity, and provides a scientific basis for evaluating the effectiveness of desertified land protection. The establishment and public sharing of this dataset aim to offer long-term data characterization and support for the meteorological elements of typical desert ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions.