Online Appendix for Global Governance and Local Peace: Accountability and Performance in International Peacebuilding

When do global governance organizations perform at the local level?International Organizations (IOs), International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs), and bilateral aid donors increasingly operate at the local level, implementing projects that aim to change the behavior of domestic institutions. While global governance scholars have begun to examine organizational performance, they have largely overlooked the behavior of country offces. Rationalist scholars assume that IOs, INGOs, and bilateral aid donors perform when they respond to the incentives created by their principals. Constructivist scholars argue that these actors fail to perform because of bureaucratic pathologies and practices. Through the examination of twenty-eight diverse cases of organizational performance in the hard case of international peacebuilding, this book argues that global governance organizations perform at the local level only when country-based staffbypass their principals and make the organization accountable to local stakeholders. "Bad behavior" by individual staff is necessary for good performance.