ANES 2016 Time Series Study

This study is part of the American National Election Study (ANES), a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1948. The American National Election Studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. As with all Time Series studies conducted during years of presidential elections, respondents were interviewed during the two months preceding the November election (Pre-election interview), and then re-interviewed during the two months following the election (Post-election interview). Like its predecessors, the 2016 ANES was divided between questions necessary for tracking long-term trends and questions necessary to understand the particular political moment of 2016. The study maintains and extends the ANES time-series 'core' by collecting data on Americans' basic political beliefs, allegiances, and behaviors, which are so critical to a general understanding of politics that they are monitored at every election, no matter the nature of the specific campaign or the broader setting. This 2016 ANES study features a dual-mode design with both traditional face-to-face interviewing (n=1,181) and surveys conducted on the Internet (n=3,090), and a total sample size of 4,271. In addition to content on electoral participation, voting behavior, and public opinion, the 2016 ANES Time Series Study contains questions about areas such as media exposure, cognitive style, and values and predispositions. Several items first measured on the 2012 ANES study were again asked, including "Big Five" personality traits using the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), and skin tone observations made by interviewers in the face-to-face study. For the first time, ANES has collected supplemental data directly from respondents' Facebook accounts. The post-election interview also included Module 5 from the Comparative Study of Electorial Systems (CSES), exploring themes in populism, perceptions on elites, corruption, and attitudes towards representative democracy. Face-to-face interviews were conducted by trained interviewers using computer assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) software on laptop computers. During a portion of the face-to-face interview, the respondent answered certain sensitive questions on the laptop computer directly, without the interviewer's participation (known as computer assisted self-interviewing (CASI)). Internet questionnaires could be completed anywhere the respondent had access to the Internet, on a computer or on a mobile device. Respondents were only eligible to compete the survey in the mode for which they were sampled. Demographic variables include respondent age, education level, political affiliation, race/ethnicity, marital status, and family composition.

本研究属于美国国家选举研究（ANES）的一部分，该研究自1948年起持续进行的一项时间序列国家调查集合。美国国家选举研究旨在呈现有关美国人的社会背景、持久的政治倾向、社会与政治价值观、对群体和候选人的认知与评估、对公共政策问题的观点，以及参与政治生活的数据。如同所有在总统选举年份进行的时间序列研究，受访者在接受11月选举前两个月（选举前访谈）和选举后两个月（选举后访谈）接受调查。与前辈研究类似，2016年的ANES研究在追踪长期趋势的必要问题与理解2016年特定政治时刻的必要问题之间进行了划分。该研究通过收集有关美国人的基本政治信念、忠诚度及行为的数据，延续并扩展了ANES时间序列的‘核心’，这些数据对于全面理解政治至关重要，因此在每一次选举中都会进行监测，无论具体竞选或更广泛的背景性质如何。2016年的ANES研究采用双模式设计，包括传统的面对面访谈（n=1,181）和通过互联网进行的调查（n=3,090），总样本量为4,271。除了关于选举参与、投票行为和公共意见的内容外，2016年的ANES时间序列研究还包含有关媒体接触、认知风格、价值观和倾向等方面的调查。包括“五大”人格特质（使用十项人格库存（TIPI）测量）和面对面研究中访谈者对肤色进行的观察在内的多个项目，在2012年的ANES研究中首次测量后，再次提出。ANES首次直接从受访者的Facebook账户收集补充数据。选举后访谈还包括来自比较选举系统研究（CSES）的第5模块，探讨民粹主义、对精英的看法、腐败以及对代议制民主的态度等主题。面对面访谈由受过培训的访谈者使用笔记本电脑上的计算机辅助个人访谈（CAPI）软件进行。在面对面访谈的部分时段，受访者直接在笔记本电脑上回答某些敏感问题，而不需要访谈者的参与（称为计算机辅助自我访谈（CASI））。互联网问卷可以在受访者可以访问互联网的任何地方完成，无论是在电脑上还是在移动设备上。受访者只能根据他们被抽取的方式进行问卷调查。人口统计变量包括受访者的年龄、教育水平、政治归属、种族/民族、婚姻状况和家庭构成。