Comparison of the clinical characteristics and urinary nerve growth factor (NGF), NGF/creatinine (NGF/Cr), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and BDNF/Cr levels between controls and IC/BPS patients.

*: p value between baseline and post-HA treatment data in IC/BPS patients. #: p value between the baseline data in controls and IC/BPS patients. $: p value between the data in controls and the post-HA treatment data in IC/BPS patients. VAS: visual analogue score, GRA: global response assessment, FBC: functional bladder capacity. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.