Answering key bumble bee conservation questions by studying discovered wild nests: A Bombus affinis case study

The nesting ecology of wild bumble bees is not well resolved, but information learned from discovered nests can be of great conservation value. Data collected at nests on foraging patterns, caste-specific behavior, and health (e.g., pathogens) is invaluable for understanding bumble bee behavior and ecology, but difficult to decipher solely from foraging observations away from the nest. Wild nests are often found opportunistically, and due to a lack of standardized guidance on data collection, the information collected alongside nest discoveries is often idiosyncratic. Here we provide a framework for data collection when nests are discovered to ensure the data are as complete as possible and comparable across studies. To meet these goals, we provide an action plan which includes key conservation questions and methodological guidelines both for in-situ data collection and post season nest excavation. This plan is ordered by increasing complexity of data collection methods and includes sug..., Data was collected by conducting observations of B. affinis nests as described in the main text. Processing of raw data conducted as shown in the attached R script. , , # Answering key bumble bee conservation questions by studying discovered wild nests: A Bombus affinis case study [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gqnk98sxt](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gqnk98sxt) ## Description of the data and file structure Data was collected conducting several 10-minute observations of wild *Bombus affinis* nests as detailed in the main text. Data represents observations of castes of bumble bees entering or exiting the observed nests and details the number of individuals observed. ### Files and variables Inside the .zip file are 3 primary files. **GP_Data.csv** - this represents data collected by Genevieve Pugesek while observing a nest in the Madison, Wisconsin area. It contains columns for date, the direction of movement of observed individuals (\"activity\"; either in or out of the colony), the caste of the observed individuals, a column for summarizing the concatenation of activity + caste, and a count of the activity observed. **LaX_Data.csv** - similar to G...野生熊蜂的筑巢生态学尚未得到充分厘清，但从已发现的巢穴中获取的信息具备极高的保育价值。针对巢穴收集的觅食模式、蜂群品级特异性行为以及健康状况（如病原体）相关数据，对于理解熊蜂行为与生态学至关重要，但仅依靠远离巢穴的觅食观察，很难对这些数据进行有效解读。野生巢穴往往是偶然发现的，且由于缺乏标准化的数据收集指南，伴随巢穴发现所采集的信息通常各不统一、缺乏规范。在此，我们提出一套针对发现巢穴时的数据收集框架，以确保采集的数据尽可能完整，且跨研究间具备可比性。为达成这一目标，我们提供了一份行动方案，其中涵盖关键保育问题，以及原位数据采集和季后巢穴挖掘的方法学指南。该方案按数据采集方法的复杂程度递增排序，并包含建议…… 数据通过按照正文所述的方法对Bombus affinis（北美短毛熊蜂）的巢穴开展观察收集得到。原始数据的处理按照附件中的R脚本进行。 # 通过研究野生发现巢穴解答熊蜂保育关键问题：以北美短毛熊蜂（Bombus affinis）为例 https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gqnk98sxt ## 数据与文件结构说明 研究人员按照正文中详述的方法，对野生北美短毛熊蜂（Bombus affinis）的巢穴开展了多次10分钟时长的观察，以此收集数据。本次数据包含对出入观测巢穴的熊蜂品级的观察记录，并详细统计了观测到的个体数量。 ### 文件与变量 压缩包内包含3个主要文件。 **GP_Data.csv**：该文件包含吉纳维芙·普热塞克（Genevieve Pugesek）在威斯康星州麦迪逊地区观测一处巢穴时采集的数据。其列字段包括观测日期、观测个体的移动方向（"活动状态"，即进入或离开蜂群）、观测个体的品级、用于汇总"活动状态+品级"组合的字段，以及本次观测到的活动个体数量。 **LaX_Data.csv**：与GP_Data.csv类似，（原文截断为G...，保留原文表述）